{"id":105735,"date":"2017-08-07T14:32:33","date_gmt":"2017-08-07T11:32:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/?p=105735"},"modified":"2017-08-07T18:25:11","modified_gmt":"2017-08-07T15:25:11","slug":"ozgur-ask-basarisiz-sovyet-deneyi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/ozgur-ask-basarisiz-sovyet-deneyi","title":{"rendered":"“\u00d6zg\u00fcr A\u015fk”: Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z Sovyet Deneyi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Sovyetlerin “\u00f6zg\u00fcr a\u015fk” deneyi az kals\u0131n toplumsal bir felakete yol a\u00e7\u0131yordu. (Foto\u011fraf: Kom\u00fcnist Lider Lenin)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Lenin, 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda yolda\u015f\u0131 Leo Trotzki’ye \u015funlar\u0131 yazd\u0131: “Cinsellik ile ilgili t\u00fcm yasaklar kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 […] Biz\u00a0 s\u00fcfrajetlerden (kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 savunucusu kad\u0131nlardan) \u00e7ok \u015fey \u00f6\u011frenebiliriz: E\u015fcinsellik yasa\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131.” Lenin’in \u00a0ve\u00a0Kom\u00fcnistlerin cinselli\u011fe bak\u0131\u015f ac\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00a0tutumlar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden\u00a0“\u00f6zg\u00fcr a\u015fk” deneyi az kals\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00a0bir \u00a0toplumsal felakete\u00a0yol a\u00e7\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

“\u00d6zg\u00fcr a\u015fk” denildi\u011finde akla Woodstock gibi bir manzara gelir. Halbuki kimse bunun\u00a020. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin bir projesi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmezdi. Sovyet devleti, bu proje ile tarihinin en iddial\u0131 deneylerinden birine imza att\u0131 ve cinsel prangalar\u0131 s\u00f6k\u00fcp atmak istedi.<\/p>\n

Kom\u00fcnistler Ekim Devrimi sonras\u0131nda 1917 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya’da iktidara geldikten sonra, sistematik\u00a0bir bi\u00e7imde Karl Marx’\u0131n doktrinlerini uygulad\u0131 ve bu y\u00f6nde bir politika izledi. Karl Marx “Kom\u00fcnist Manifesto” da, arzulanan materyalist \u00fctopyan\u0131n sadece, “t\u00fcm toplumsal d\u00fczenin\u00a0devrilmesiyle” ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Bu konu hakk\u0131nda bu makaleyi\u00a0okuyabilirsiniz:\u00a0Kom\u00fcnizmin Karanl\u0131k Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu “\u00fcretim yerleri”nin, yani fabrikalar\u0131n ve arazilerin ele ge\u00e7irilmesini ve aile kurumunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesini de kaps\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Kom\u00fcnistler aile kurumunun, hedefledikleri materyalist \u00fctopya d\u00fczeni i\u00e7in bir engel olu\u015fturdu\u011funu\u00a0d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Bu nedenle, insanlar\u0131n “\u00f6zg\u00fcr a\u015fk” ya\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 ve istedikleri ki\u015filerle\u00a0istedikleri yerde ili\u015fki ya\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kom\u00fcnistlere g\u00f6re, cinsel k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar zararl\u0131yd\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n

T\u00fcm Sovyet vatanda\u015flar\u0131na bu y\u00f6nde e\u011fitim verildi ve onlara cinsel k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n zararl\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylendi, yani aile eti\u011fi ve ahlak\u0131n hi\u00e7bir avantaj\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve zararl\u0131 oldu\u011fu vurguland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kom\u00fcnistler, kad\u0131nlara sadece \u00a0\u00e7ocuklar\u0131 e\u011fittikleri ve ev i\u015flerini yapt\u0131klar\u0131 takdirde,\u00a0 “k\u00f6lelerden” farkl\u0131 olmayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Ayr\u0131ca, kad\u0131nlara devlet i\u015fletmelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 tavsiye ediliyor\u00a0ve b\u00f6ylece daha “\u00f6zg\u00fcr” olacaklar\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyordu, yani yeni slogan “\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck”t\u00fc.\u00a0E\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak k\u00fcrtaja da izin verilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n erken ya\u015fta annelerinden ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131 ve kre\u015fler, ana\u00a0okullar ve daha sonra okullara gitmeleri isteniyordu. B\u00f6ylece onlar da erken ya\u015flarda kom\u00fcnist e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7erek sisteme dahil edilecek ve kom\u00fcnist mekanizman\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline geleceklerdi.<\/p>\n

1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda Londra’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen “Rusya Sosyal Demokrat \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi”nin 3. Kongresi’nde, Lenin’in yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ve K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu organizat\u00f6r\u00fc Leo Trotzki’den cinsiyetle ilgili bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapmas\u0131 ve\u00a0bir cinsiyet teorisi olu\u015fturmas\u0131 istendi. Bu teori, Bol\u015feviklerin zafer elde etmesi halinde\u00a0hayata ge\u00e7irilecekti.<\/p>\n

1904 y\u0131l\u0131nda Vladimir Lenin: “[…] s\u00f6zde aile de\u011ferlerine y\u00f6nelik arzu ve enerji serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu enerji sosyalizmi zafere g\u00f6t\u00fcrecektir.” diye yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda Trotsky Lenin’e \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: “Cinsel bask\u0131lar insanlar\u0131 k\u00f6lele\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir ara\u00e7tan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Bu bask\u0131 var oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece, ger\u00e7ek \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn var olmas\u0131 imkans\u0131zd\u0131r. Burjuvazinin bir kurumu olan aile gelene\u011fi art\u0131k eskimi\u015ftir. Biz bunu […] ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak\u00a0i\u015f\u00e7ilere anlatmak ve a\u015f\u0131lamak zorunday\u0131z.”<\/p>\n

Lenin’in cevab\u0131 ise: “Sadece aile de\u011fil. Cinsellik ile ilgili t\u00fcm yasaklar\u00a0kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 […]. Biz s\u00fcfrajetlerden (kad\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunan kad\u0131nlardan) bir\u00e7ok \u015fey \u00f6\u011frenebiliriz: E\u015fcinsellerin a\u015fk ya\u015fama yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da kald\u0131rmal\u0131y\u0131z.” \u00a0Hedef belliydi, evlilik kurumuna darbe\u00a0indirilmek isteniyordu.<\/p>\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nde E\u015fcinsellik<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nde e\u015fcinselli\u011fin serbest oldu\u011fu ve bask\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemler olmu\u015ftur.\u00a01903 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya’s\u0131nda e\u015fcinsellik su\u00e7tu ve bu su\u00e7u i\u015fleyen ki\u015filer \u00fc\u00e7 aya varan bir hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Kom\u00fcnist devrimi\u00a0sonras\u0131 e\u015fcinsellik ile alakal\u0131 t\u00fcm maddeler de\u011fi\u015ftirildi ve e\u015fcinsellik su\u00e7 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

E\u015fcinsellik “serbest a\u015fk” kapsam\u0131nda 1934 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nde su\u00e7 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda homoseks\u00fceller “casusluk” ve “burjuvazi” ile ili\u015fkilendirildi ve\u00a0bu tarihten itibaren homoseks\u00fcel eylemler\u00a0yasakland\u0131.<\/p>\n

1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sovyet y\u00f6netimi e\u015fcinselli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 siyasi bir kampanya ba\u015flatt\u0131. Bu kampanya \u00f6zel olarak\u00a0homoseks\u00fcel erkeklere y\u00f6nelikti ve lezbiyen kad\u0131nlar\u0131 kapsam\u0131yordu.\u00a0Birbirleriyle cinsel ili\u015fki ya\u015fayan erkekler 5 y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor ve Sibirya’ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderiliyordu.<\/p>\n

May\u0131s 1934’de, \u00fcnl\u00fc Sovyet yazar Maksim Gorki e\u015fcinselli\u011fi “su\u00e7\u00a0ve ceza” diye tan\u0131mlad\u0131 ve Sovyet gazetelerinin ilk sayfalar\u0131nda “Pravda” ve “\u0130zvestia” diye yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Maksim Gorki ayr\u0131ca, bir deyimden de s\u00f6z etmi\u015f ve bu deyimi: “E\u015fcinselli\u011fi yok edin ve fa\u015fizm kendi kendini\u00a0yok edecektir.” \u015feklindeydi.<\/p>\n

Kom\u00fcnistler geleneklere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Geleneksel ailede erkeklerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak aileye bakma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri vard\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n g\u00f6revi ise, ev i\u015fleri ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Devrimden \u00f6nce Rusya’daki insanlar\u0131n bir nevi dini \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri vard\u0131 ve her dini grup evlili\u011fe dair kurallar\u0131n\u0131 kendileri belirleyebiliyordu. Bo\u015fanma, sadece e\u015flerden birinin di\u011fer e\u015fi aldatmas\u0131\u00a0durumunda (bu durumda iki \u015fahit bu durumu teyit etmeliydi) veya e\u015f terk edildi\u011finde ya da iktidars\u0131zl\u0131k sorunu ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Kom\u00fcnistler, bu kanunlar\u0131 ve geleneksel bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 reddettiler. Onlar tam olarak Karl Marx’\u0131n yolunda ilerlediler ve 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeni bir aile yasas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinde “kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sosyalle\u015fmesi” ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda yeni kararnameler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu kararnamelerin sorumlulu\u011fu bu kararnameleri d\u00fczenleyen milletvekillerindeydi.\u00a0“1918-1921 Tambov ayaklanmas\u0131 ve 1929-1933 Rusya’n\u0131n gulag’lardan (Sovyet cezaevleri) ar\u0131nma” kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 Boris Sennekow, bu kararnamelerin halk\u0131n tepkisini \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u00a0dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

Vladimir kentinde kararname<\/strong><\/h4>\n

“Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 1 Ocak 1918 kararnamesinde, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet sahibi olmalar\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, bu da evlili\u011fin “eski kapitalist sistemin i\u00e7inde bat\u0131l bir inan\u00e7” olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyordu.<\/p>\n

18 ya\u015f\u0131na girmi\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar, “devletin mal\u0131” say\u0131l\u0131yor ve kendilerini “\u00f6zg\u00fcr a\u015fk ofisi”ne kay\u0131t ettirmeleri gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n

Bu i\u015flemden ge\u00e7tikten sonra, bu k\u0131zlar belirli bir zaman i\u00e7inde kendilerine bir “cinsel partner” se\u00e7iyor veya se\u00e7ilebiliyordu. K\u0131zlar\u0131n ba\u015fka bir erkek taraf\u0131ndan “seks partneri” olarak se\u00e7ilmesi durumunda, onu reddetmek\u00a0gibi bir \u015fanslar\u0131 yoktu.<\/p>\n

Bu t\u00fcr birlikteliklerden do\u011fan b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7ocuklar da, otomatik olarak “devletin mal\u0131” olarak deklare ediliyor ve do\u011far do\u011fmaz “biyolojik annelerinden” al\u0131narak devlet himayesine\u00a0giriyorlard\u0131. Kararnamede “bu \u00e7ocuklar d\u00fcnya devriminin sars\u0131lmaz savunucular\u0131 olarak yeti\u015ftirilecektir” diye yaz\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

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1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda “Cinsellik” konusunu i\u00e7eren Sovyet propagandas\u0131 afi\u015finde: Yukar\u0131da ve ortada “Cinsiyet konusu” yaz\u0131yor: Solda: “Her bayan\u00a0Komsomol (gen\u00e7 kom\u00fcnist) g\u00f6revini yerine getirmeli” Sa\u011fda: “Her erkek Komsomol cinsel ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 gidermeli ve giderme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r” diye yaz\u0131yor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Saratov Kararnamesi<\/strong><\/h4>\n

1 May\u0131s 1918 tarihinde, Volga Almanlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Saratov \u015fehrindeki Saratov Konseyi “kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet sahibi olma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131” ile ilgili bir karar \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.\u00a0Bu kararnamede, evlili\u011fin “burjuvazinin proleter’ya s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir silah”\u00a0olarak nitelendiriliyordu ve devam\u0131nda “bu durumda kad\u0131nlar vatanda\u015flar\u0131n ve emperyalistlerin\u00a0bir m\u00fclk\u00fc haline gelecek” diye yaz\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

5 veya daha fazla \u00e7ocuk sahibi olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, t\u00fcm 17-32 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki kad\u0131nlar “i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclk\u00fc” olarak nitelendiriliyordu. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler, askerler, \u00e7ift\u00e7i konseyi ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 art\u0131k 4 e\u015fe sahip olma hakk\u0131na sahiplerdi. Kad\u0131nlar ise bu “hizmet” kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haftada 280 ruble maa\u015f almalar\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

Bu t\u00fcr evliliklerden do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar ise, “biyolojik annelerinden” al\u0131narak devletin kurumlar\u0131nda\u00a0yeti\u015ftirilmek \u00fczere al\u0131nacaklard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Fakat 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Saratow Kararnamesi sebebiyle bir ayaklanma ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti ve devlet bu kararnamenin\u00a0sahte oldu\u011funu iddia etti ve yazar\u0131 da mahkemeye sevk etti.<\/p>\n

Lenin ile beraber m\u00fccadele eden koyu feminist ve sonra Norve\u00e7 ve \u0130sve\u00e7 Sovyet B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi olan Alexandra Kollantai, Chwatov’un savunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcslendi. Chwatow beraat etti ve \u00f6denmi\u015f paralara ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n “cinsellik” i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan evine de el konuldu.<\/p>\n

Fakat, Chwatow \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn tad\u0131n\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre \u00e7\u0131karamad\u0131. Beraat etti\u011finin ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fc, kom\u00fcnist\u00a0devrimlere destek olan anar\u015fistler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Onlar, bu eylemle kom\u00fcnistleri\u00a0desteklemek ve bu kararnamenin sahte bir belge oldu\u011funu tekrardan duyurmak istiyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Saratov Kararnamesi (Foto\u011fraf: Rus Gizli Servisi FSB ar\u015fivlerindeki bir Rus gazetesinden)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

“\u00d6zg\u00fcr A\u015fk” deneyinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n

1917’den sonra dini evlilikler ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve bunun yerine evlenmek isteyen \u00e7iftler devletin evlendirme dairesinde evlendiriliyordu. Evlendirme dairesi, ayn\u0131 zamanda bo\u015fanmayla da ilgileniyordu ve bo\u015fanmak isteyenler 15 dakikal\u0131k bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kolayca bo\u015fanabiliyordu.<\/p>\n

1927 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ortas\u0131na kadar, Sovyet Birli\u011fi’nde de her 4 evlilikten 1’i bo\u015fanma ile sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Mahkemeler yo\u011fun bo\u015fanma davalar\u0131 (tazminat ve nafaka) nedeniyle, “a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131” ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Erkekler ise nafaka ve tazminat \u00f6dememek i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6nteme ba\u015fvuruyorlard\u0131.\u00a0Ayr\u0131ca Sovyet Devleti, 1926-1927 senelerinde, 10 milyon \u00e7ocu\u011fun sadece 150.000’ine anaokulu\u00a0imkan\u0131 sa\u011flayabiliyordu. Ayr\u0131ca e\u015finden bo\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ve tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7ocuk yeti\u015ftiren anneler de,\u00a0e\u015flerinin yard\u0131m\u0131 olmadan \u00e7ok zorlan\u0131yordu ve bu da topluma olumsuz bir bi\u00e7imde yans\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Yani k\u0131sacas\u0131 “\u00d6zg\u00fcr A\u015fk” deneyi tam bir felaketti ve devlet bu olumsuzluklar\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra, bu sa\u00e7ma “deney”den sonunda vazge\u00e7mi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

“Cinsel \u00e7e\u015fitlilik art\u0131k istenmiyordu”<\/strong><\/h4>\n

1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda psikiyatrist Aron Aalkind, 12 Maddeden olu\u015fan “devrimci proletaryan\u0131n, 12\u00a0cinsel\u00a0emrini” yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O burada \u00e7ok e\u015flili\u011fi ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 cinselli\u011fi k\u0131n\u0131yordu. Gen\u00e7\u00a0Sovyet vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0enerjilerini\u00a0b\u00f6yle bo\u015f arzular i\u00e7in\u00a0harcamamalar\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu, bunun yerine bu gen\u00e7lerin g\u00fc\u00e7lerini devrimci m\u00fccadele\u00a0i\u00e7in kullanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunuyordu.<\/p>\n

\"\"

12 Maddeden olu\u015fan “devrimci proletaryan\u0131n, 12 cinsel emri” bro\u015f\u00fcr\u00fc. (Foto\u011fraf: “Devrimci gen\u00e7lik” Kom\u00fcnist Sverdlov \u00dcniversitesi yay\u0131n\u0131)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Proletarya i\u00e7inde seks hayat\u0131 \u00e7ok erken ba\u015flamamal\u0131.<\/li>\n
  2. Evlilikten \u00f6nce cinselli\u011fe girilmemeli ve evlenen ki\u015filer (20 -25 ya\u015flar\u0131nda) olmal\u0131d\u0131r, bu\u00a0ya\u015flardaki bireyler sosyal ve biyolojik olgunlu\u011fa eri\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n
  3. Cinsel ili\u015fki sadece daha derin bir sevginin ve birlikteli\u011fin bir sonucudur.<\/li>\n
  4. Cinsel ili\u015fki sadece a\u015fk\u0131n ve birlikteli\u011fin en son ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 bir halkas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir.<\/li>\n
  5. Cinsel ili\u015fkinin \u00e7ok s\u0131k tekrarlanmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/li>\n
  6. Cinsel partnerin s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015ftirilmemesi gerekir, fazla cinsel \u00e7e\u015fitlilik tercih edilmemelidir.<\/li>\n
  7. A\u015fk (bir kad\u0131n\u0131n ve bir erke\u011fin) birlikteli\u011fi ile olmal\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7ok e\u015flilik do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n
  8. Her cinsel birliktelikte, bu birlikteli\u011fin sonucu bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun d\u00fcnyaya gelme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131 ve \u00e7iftler genel olarak \u00e7ocuk sahibi olmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelidir.<\/li>\n
  9. E\u015f se\u00e7imi sadece s\u0131n\u0131f, devrimler ve proletarya \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131\u00a0g\u00f6zeterek yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. A\u015fk ili\u015fkileri hi\u00e7bir romantizm amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  10. Hi\u00e7bir zaman k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  11. Cinsel sap\u0131kl\u0131klar yasakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  12. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00fcyeleri, di\u011fer devrimci gen\u00e7lerin cinsel ya\u015famlar\u0131na gerekti\u011finde m\u00fcdahalede\u00a0bulunabilirler. S\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi daima cinsel isteklerden \u00f6nemlidir ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesine hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin engel olmas\u0131na izin verilmemelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Cinsellik art\u0131k devlet meselesi ve bireylerin keyfi istekleri do\u011frultusunda hareket etmemeleri gereken bir konudur.<\/p>\n

    “Biz ‘\u00d6zg\u00fcr A\u015fk’ kavram\u0131n\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f alg\u0131lad\u0131k. E\u011fer, sava\u015f bize bir tak\u0131m sakat kalm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filer miras b\u0131rakt\u0131ysa, o zaman bu yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zg\u00fcr a\u015fk kavram\u0131 da, bir tak\u0131m \u00a0ruhsuz insanlar\u0131n t\u00fcremesine sebep olacakt\u0131r.” (1923 Leo Trotzki)<\/p>\n

    1936: Sovyetler Birli\u011fi “\u00f6zg\u00fcr a\u015fk” deneyini sonland\u0131rd\u0131\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Evlili\u011fin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, “kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendirilmesi” vs. gibi sebeplerden dolay\u0131, bel\u00a0so\u011fuklu\u011fu ve frengi gibi cinsel hastal\u0131klar yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Tarih\u00e7i ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u00a0Sennekov, “\u00f6zg\u00fcr a\u015fk” kapsam\u0131nda erkeklerle ili\u015fkiye girmek istemeyen bir\u00e7ok bayan Komosol’a tecav\u00fcz edildi\u011fi ve baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc vurguluyor.<\/p>\n

    Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck zararlar\u0131 \u00f6nleme maksad\u0131 ile 1936 \u00a0y\u0131l\u0131nda Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, “\u00f6zg\u00fcr a\u015fk” deneyinden vazge\u00e7ti ve daha aile dostu bir politika izlemeye karar verdi. Bunu yaparken de, “\u00f6zg\u00fcr a\u015fk” ideolojisini burjuvazinin ve emperyalizmin fikirleri olarak nitelendirdi. Art\u0131k gazetelerde cinsel konular\u0131 i\u015flemeyi b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f ve toplumdaki cinsel tart\u0131\u015fmalar da bir son bulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

    K\u00fcrtajlar da art\u0131k yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlar daha fazla \u00e7ocuk d\u00fcnyaya getirmeleri i\u00e7in te\u015fvik ediliyordu. Bo\u015fanmak isteyenler ve b\u00f6yle bir talepte bulunanlar, art\u0131k y\u00fcksek miktarda para cezas\u0131na maruz kal\u0131yor\u00a0ve kom\u00fcnist parti \u00fcyeli\u011finden bile oluyorlard\u0131. Ailesine bakmayan ki\u015filer de, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde a\u011f\u0131r cezalar\u00a0ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

    Petr Svab ve Anna Samarina, The Epoch Times<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Lenin, 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda yolda\u015f\u0131 Leo Trotzki’ye \u015funlar\u0131 yazd\u0131: “Cinsellik ile ilgili t\u00fcm yasaklar kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 […] Biz\u00a0 s\u00fcfrajetlerden (kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 savunucusu kad\u0131nlardan) \u00e7ok \u015fey \u00f6\u011frenebiliriz: E\u015fcinsellik yasa\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131.” Lenin’in \u00a0ve\u00a0Kom\u00fcnistlerin cinselli\u011fe bak\u0131\u015f ac\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00a0tutumlar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden\u00a0“\u00f6zg\u00fcr a\u015fk” deneyi az kals\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00a0bir \u00a0toplumsal felakete\u00a0yol a\u00e7\u0131yordu. “\u00d6zg\u00fcr a\u015fk” denildi\u011finde akla Woodstock gibi bir manzara gelir. Halbuki kimse […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2500,"featured_media":105736,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":""},"categories":[519,1],"tags":[6596,6598,3613,6599,6600,6597,6175,6601],"yoast_head":"\n"\u00d6zg\u00fcr A\u015fk": Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z Sovyet Deneyi - The Epoch Times TR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/ozgur-ask-basarisiz-sovyet-deneyi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\""\u00d6zg\u00fcr A\u015fk": Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z Sovyet Deneyi - The Epoch Times TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Lenin, 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda yolda\u015f\u0131 Leo Trotzki’ye \u015funlar\u0131 yazd\u0131: “Cinsellik ile ilgili t\u00fcm yasaklar kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 […] Biz\u00a0 s\u00fcfrajetlerden (kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 savunucusu kad\u0131nlardan) \u00e7ok \u015fey \u00f6\u011frenebiliriz: E\u015fcinsellik yasa\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131.” Lenin’in \u00a0ve\u00a0Kom\u00fcnistlerin cinselli\u011fe bak\u0131\u015f ac\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00a0tutumlar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden\u00a0“\u00f6zg\u00fcr a\u015fk” deneyi az kals\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00a0bir \u00a0toplumsal felakete\u00a0yol a\u00e7\u0131yordu. “\u00d6zg\u00fcr a\u015fk” denildi\u011finde akla Woodstock gibi bir manzara gelir. 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