{"id":120345,"date":"2019-02-18T17:00:31","date_gmt":"2019-02-18T14:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/?p=120345"},"modified":"2019-02-18T17:37:58","modified_gmt":"2019-02-18T14:37:58","slug":"pandoranin-kutusu-aciliyor-gen-kurgulama-ve-sonuclari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/pandoranin-kutusu-aciliyor-gen-kurgulama-ve-sonuclari","title":{"rendered":"Pandora\u2019n\u0131n Kutusu A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor: Gen Kurgulama ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Yeni teknoloji, yeni tedavi y\u00f6ntemleriyle birlikte olas\u0131 felaketler de sunuyor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/dna-genler-pixabay-600x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-120386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/dna-genler-pixabay-600x300.jpg 600w, https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/dna-genler-pixabay-150x75.jpg 150w, https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/dna-genler-pixabay-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/dna-genler-pixabay-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/dna-genler-pixabay.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Bug\u00fcn bilim camias\u0131, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/opinion\/article-has-the-brave-new-world-of-designer-babies-arrived\/\" target=\"_blank\">insan \u201ctasarlamak\u201d<\/a> amac\u0131yla genlerin kurgulanabilmesi ihtimali kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n halde. Gen kurgulama, atomun par\u00e7alanmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\" href=\"http:\/\/sites.tufts.edu\/crispr\/crispr-background\/adaptive-immune-system\/\" target=\"_blank\">CRISPR<\/a>, K\u00fcmelenmi\u015f D\u00fczenli Ge\u00e7i\u015fli K\u0131sa Palindromik (her iki y\u00f6nden de okunabilen) Tekrarlar (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) kelimelerinin ilk harflerinden olu\u015fturulmu\u015f bir k\u0131saltmad\u0131r. Bu, bakterilerin kendilerini &#8211; gezegendeki en yayg\u0131n ya\u015fam formu olan &#8211; bakteriyofaj enfeksiyonlardan korumak amac\u0131yla geli\u015ftirdikleri ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bilinen B\u00fct\u00fcn Ya\u015fam Formlar\u0131ndan Daha K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bakteriyofajlar, 1917\u2019de Paris <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pasteur.fr\/en\" target=\"_blank\">Pasteur Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/a>\u2019nde <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4161\/bact.1.1.14941\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\">Felix d\u2019H\u00e9relle<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedildi. Dizanteri iken kendili\u011finden iyile\u015fen bir grup hasta \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. D\u2019H\u00e9relle, bilinen herhangi bir ya\u015fam formundan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir antimikrobun, enfekte hastalardaki bakterileri \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu yeni ya\u015fam formunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesin olarak g\u00f6sterdi ve onlara bakteriyofajlar ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi: bakterilere sald\u0131ran vir\u00fcsler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bakteriyofajlar bug\u00fcne kadar derinlemesine incelenmi\u015ftir: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC408286\/pdf\/bactrev00196-0017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">g\u00fczelli\u011fi<\/a> elektron mikroskobu ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/265687a0\" target=\"_blank\">genomu<\/a> s\u0131ralanan ilk ya\u015fam formu olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bakteriyofaj Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na M\u00fcdahale<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda, g\u0131da \u00fcretim\n\u015firketi Danisco\u2019dan Rodolphe Barrangou ve Philippe Horvath, yo\u011furt \u00fcretiminde uzun\ns\u00fcredir devam eden bir sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in Laval \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Sylvain Moineau\nile i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapt\u0131. \u00d6\u011frenmek istedikleri \u015fuydu: Neden yo\u011furt ve peynir \u00fcretimi\ni\u00e7in gerekli olan bakteriler, bakteriyofaj sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 duyarl\u0131yd\u0131 ve bu\nnas\u0131l \u00f6nlenebilirdi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Barrangou, Horvath ve Moineau, bakterilerin ger\u00e7ekte ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemine sahip oldu\u011funa dair <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/315\/5819\/1709\" target=\"_blank\">\u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 ke\u015ffi<\/a> ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yW0yA3qoH9A?wmode=transparent&amp;rel=0&amp;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption> CRISPR: Edinilmi\u015f Bakteriyel Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k Sistemleri. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130lk bakteriyofaj sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra, hayatta kalan az say\u0131da bakteri bakteriyofajlar\u0131n DNA\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131yacakt\u0131r. Hayatta kalan bakteriler daha sonra bakteriyofajlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yol a\u00e7acak bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k tepkisi olu\u015ftururlar. Bir faj sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra hayatta kalan bakteriler, enfeksiyonun bir \u201chaf\u0131za kayd\u0131\u201d olarak saklamak \u00fczere, kendi bakteriyel genomlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine bir par\u00e7a bakteriyofaj DNAs\u0131 g\u00f6mecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hedefle ve Kes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Barrangou, Horvat ve Moineau daha sonra istilac\u0131 bakteriyofajlar\u0131n nas\u0131l ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature09523\" target=\"_blank\">ke\u015ffetti<\/a>. Yeni sald\u0131ran bakteriyofaj\u0131n tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, bakteriler sald\u0131rgan bakteriyofaj\u0131n DNA\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 hedefleyecek ve kesecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Bz0aN5qEkyw?wmode=transparent&amp;rel=0&amp;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption> Quebec Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Fonu: CRISPR-Cas9: Ke\u015ffin K\u00f6keni | Sylvain Moineau. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Biyologlar Jennifer Doudna ve Emmanuelle Charpentier, bakteriyel ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemine y\u00f6n veren \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/genetics.wustl.edu\/bio5491\/files\/2016\/01\/Jinek-et-al.-2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\">k\u0131lavuzlar\u0131n<\/a>\u201d geli\u015fti\u011fini ke\u015ffetti. DNA\u2019s\u0131, \u00f6nceki bir enfeksiyondan elde edilen haf\u0131za par\u00e7as\u0131na tekab\u00fcl eden herhangi bir bakteriyofaj, \u201cy\u00f6nlendirmeli\u201d bir yok etme mekanizmas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nacak ve par\u00e7alanacakt\u0131r. Bakteriyofaj DNA\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n haf\u0131za par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren bakteriyel ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi ve bakteriyel tepki mekanizmas\u0131 birlikte, CRISPR-Cas9 sistemi olarak bilinir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ke\u015ffin hemen ard\u0131ndan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/crispr-the-disruptor-1.17673\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\">ticari kullan\u0131m<\/a>\u0131 g\u00fcndeme geldi. Doudna, Charpentier ve di\u011ferleri, bu yeni biyolojik sistemin, herhangi bir ya\u015fam formundaki genleri d\u00fczenlemek (yeniden kurgulamak) i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini fark etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/MnYppmstxIs?wmode=transparent&amp;rel=0&amp;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption> Bozeman Science: CRISPR Nedir?  <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>CRISPR-Cas9 sistemi, ke\u015ffedilen\nilk gen kurgulama sistemi de\u011fildir. Biyokimyac\u0131 Michael Smith, British Columbia\n\u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde iken, 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda kanser ve di\u011fer hastal\u0131klar\u0131n tedavisinde kullan\u0131labilecek\nkimyasal bir gen kurgulama y\u00f6ntemi ke\u015ffinden dolay\u0131 Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019ne lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/khYP1dN5nRg?wmode=transparent&amp;rel=0&amp;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>  UBC Science: Michael Smith\u2019in Miras\u0131. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Potansiyel Bir \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm Olarak Bakteriyofajlar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u2019H\u00e9relle, dizanteriden iyile\u015fen hastalardan izole edilen ayn\u0131 bakteriyofaj\u0131n, tav\u015fanlar\u0131 ba\u015fka bir \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc enfeksiyondan korumak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini g\u00f6zlemledi. Antibiyotiklerin ke\u015ffinden \u00f6nce gelen d\u2019H\u00e9relle\u2019in ke\u015ffi, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.shellsandpebbles.com\/2013\/10\/13\/sinclair-lewis-arrowsmith-why-everyone-should-read-this-1925-medical-novel\/\" target=\"_blank\">Pulitzer \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc roman\u0131 \u201cArrowsmith\u201d<\/a> de insanlara bakteriyofaj tedavisi uygulamak konusunda <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2542891\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\">Sinclair Lewis<\/a>\u2019e ilham verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fcresel olarak <a href=\"https:\/\/www.phage.ulaval.ca\/en\/home\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\">en b\u00fcy\u00fck bakteriyofaj koleksiyonlar\u0131ndan<\/a> biri Laval \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ndedir. K\u00fcrat\u00f6r\u00fc Sylvain Moineau olan koleksiyonun ad\u0131 Felix d\u2019H\u00e9relle\u2019dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eimdi umut, bakteriyofaj tedavisinin <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\" href=\"http:\/\/time.com\/5068513\/superbugs-are-nearly-impossible-to-fight\/\" target=\"_blank\">antibiyotik direnci<\/a>ne y\u00f6nelik potansiyel bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. Bununla birlikte, faj terapisinden beklenenler, CRISPR-Cas9 sisteminin <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-018-06656-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\">ticari kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/a>n\u0131n yan\u0131nda g\u00f6lgede kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bug\u00fcn, bir Pandora Kutusunu a\u00e7man\u0131n <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-health-china-babies-panel\/china-orders-halt-to-gene-editing-after-outcry-over-babies-idUSKCN1NY0LQ\" target=\"_blank\">sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/a> ile y\u00fcz y\u00fczeyiz. CRISPR-Cas9 sisteminin, hasat edilmi\u015f insan yumurtalar\u0131na gen kurgulama yoluyla tasar\u0131mc\u0131 insanlar \u00fcretmek \u00fczere \u201cgerm-line\u201d uygulanmas\u0131, pe\u015f pe\u015fe nesiller boyunca devam eden kal\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yaratacakt\u0131r. Bu eylemler konusundaki korkular, <a href=\"https:\/\/media.thebulletin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/2018-Doomsday-Clock-Statement.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\">n\u00fckleer sava\u015f\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki korkular<\/a> kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ancak CRISPR-Cas9\u2019un \u201cgerm-line olmayan\u201d hastal\u0131klar i\u00e7in gen kurgulamas\u0131 gibi ba\u015fka potansiyel uygulamalar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Bu uygulama yak\u0131n zamanda <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/crispr-gene-editing-muscular-dystrophy-symptoms-dogs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\">k\u00f6peklerde kas hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a> tedavisinde ba\u015far\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Pandora\u2019n\u0131n Kutusu efsanesine benzer \u015fekilde, \u201cgerm-line\u201d gen d\u00fczenlemesi hakk\u0131ndaki k\u00f6t\u00fcmser d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler, gelecekte insanl\u0131\u011fa sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 yararlar\u0131n umuduyla dengelenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lXmHA-XySmk?wmode=transparent&amp;rel=0&amp;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/john-bergeron-424808\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\">John Bergeron<\/a>, minnetle Kathleen Dickson\u2019yi ortak yazar olarak kabul ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>John Bergeron, bir Robert Reford profes\u00f6r\u00fc ve Kanada\u2019daki <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/mcgill-university-827\" target=\"_blank\">McGill \u00dcniversitesi<\/a>\u2019nde t\u0131p profes\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu makale ilk olarak <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/uk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (yeni sekmede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r)\">The Conversation<\/a>\u2019da yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yazan: John Bergeron, McGill \u00dcniversitesi<br \/>\u00c7eviren: Hatice Atmaca, Epoch Times T\u00fcrkiye<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yeni teknoloji, yeni tedavi y\u00f6ntemleriyle birlikte olas\u0131 felaketler de sunuyor Bug\u00fcn bilim camias\u0131, insan \u201ctasarlamak\u201d amac\u0131yla genlerin kurgulanabilmesi ihtimali kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n halde. Gen kurgulama, atomun par\u00e7alanmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilir. CRISPR, K\u00fcmelenmi\u015f D\u00fczenli Ge\u00e7i\u015fli K\u0131sa Palindromik (her iki y\u00f6nden de okunabilen) Tekrarlar (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) kelimelerinin ilk harflerinden olu\u015fturulmu\u015f bir k\u0131saltmad\u0131r. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12379,"featured_media":120386,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":""},"categories":[70,519,19],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Pandora\u2019n\u0131n Kutusu A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor: Gen Kurgulama ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 - The Epoch Times TR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/pandoranin-kutusu-aciliyor-gen-kurgulama-ve-sonuclari\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pandora\u2019n\u0131n Kutusu A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor: Gen Kurgulama ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 - The Epoch Times TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yeni teknoloji, yeni tedavi y\u00f6ntemleriyle birlikte olas\u0131 felaketler de sunuyor Bug\u00fcn bilim camias\u0131, insan \u201ctasarlamak\u201d amac\u0131yla genlerin kurgulanabilmesi ihtimali kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n halde. Gen kurgulama, atomun par\u00e7alanmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilir. CRISPR, K\u00fcmelenmi\u015f D\u00fczenli Ge\u00e7i\u015fli K\u0131sa Palindromik (her iki y\u00f6nden de okunabilen) Tekrarlar (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) kelimelerinin ilk harflerinden olu\u015fturulmu\u015f bir k\u0131saltmad\u0131r. [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/pandoranin-kutusu-aciliyor-gen-kurgulama-ve-sonuclari\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Epoch Times TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/theepochtimestr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-02-18T14:00:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-02-18T14:37:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/dna-genler-pixabay.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"960\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"480\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hatice Atmaca\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@TheEpochTimesTR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@TheEpochTimesTR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hatice Atmaca\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/pandoranin-kutusu-aciliyor-gen-kurgulama-ve-sonuclari#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/pandoranin-kutusu-aciliyor-gen-kurgulama-ve-sonuclari\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hatice Atmaca\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#\/schema\/person\/a515b4166e91977b7e9f483ceb142459\"},\"headline\":\"Pandora\u2019n\u0131n Kutusu A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor: Gen Kurgulama ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-02-18T14:00:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-02-18T14:37:58+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/pandoranin-kutusu-aciliyor-gen-kurgulama-ve-sonuclari\"},\"wordCount\":964,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/pandoranin-kutusu-aciliyor-gen-kurgulama-ve-sonuclari#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/dna-genler-pixabay.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Bilimsel Ke\u015fifler\",\"ED\u0130T\u00d6R\u00dcN SE\u00c7\u0130M\u0130\",\"Sa\u011fl\u0131k\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/pandoranin-kutusu-aciliyor-gen-kurgulama-ve-sonuclari\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/pandoranin-kutusu-aciliyor-gen-kurgulama-ve-sonuclari\",\"name\":\"Pandora\u2019n\u0131n Kutusu A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor: Gen Kurgulama ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 - 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