{"id":124360,"date":"2020-02-05T19:37:15","date_gmt":"2020-02-05T16:37:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/?p=124360"},"modified":"2020-02-05T19:38:30","modified_gmt":"2020-02-05T16:38:30","slug":"virus-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/virus-nedir","title":{"rendered":"Vir\u00fcs Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bu acayip varl\u0131klar\u0131n her biri, bedenimizde farkl\u0131 roller \u00fcstleniyor.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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vir\u00fcs ve bakteriler, fot: pixabay.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vir\u00fcsler k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olabilir,\nancak etkileri b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu basit organizmalar sadece protein kapl\u0131 bir n\u00fckleik\nasitten ibarettir, ancak \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klara neden olabilirler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl\nolabilir; baz\u0131lar\u0131 da faydal\u0131 olabilir ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemimizin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131\nolabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca doktorlar\nvir\u00fcslerin (\u00e7ocuk felci, kuduz, u\u00e7uk, \u00f6p\u00fcc\u00fck hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi)\nancak yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6rebildiler. Ancak hastal\u0131k sahnelerinin arkas\u0131ndaki\nminik par\u00e7ac\u0131klar 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na kadar tespit edilemedi. O zaman, bilim\ninsanlar\u0131 e\u015fsiz bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip, bakteri benzeri bir varl\u0131k ke\u015ffettiler: Bu canl\u0131lar,\nba\u015fka bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u00fccreleri olmadan \u00e7o\u011falam\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ohio Eyalet \u00dcniversitesi\nWexner T\u0131p Merkezi\u2019nde bir aile hekimi olan Dr. Sophia Tolliver\u2019e g\u00f6re, bu vir\u00fcsler\nve bakteriler aras\u0131ndaki temel farkt\u0131r. Bakteriyel bir enfeksiyon, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli ortamlarda\ngeli\u015febilen bir mikroptan kaynaklan\u0131r. Viral bir enfeksiyon ise hayatta kalmas\u0131\ni\u00e7in \u00e7ok spesifik ko\u015fullara gereksinim duyan mikroskobik bir parazitten gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tolliver, \u201c\u00dczerine yerle\u015ftikleri\nbir organ\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayamaz veya \u00fcreyemezler,\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131, insanlara bula\u015fabilecek 400\u2019den fazla farkl\u0131 vir\u00fcs tespit ettiler. Baz\u0131 vir\u00fcsler de hayvanlara, bitkilere ve hatta bakterilere bula\u015fabilir. Ka\u00e7 vir\u00fcs\u00fcn oldu\u011fu belli de\u011fil. Bir tahmine g\u00f6re<\/a>, bilinen t\u00fcm t\u00fcrlere<\/a>, omurgal\u0131lara, omurgas\u0131zlara, bitkilere, yosunlara, mantarlara ve alglere bula\u015fabilen 100 milyondan fazla farkl\u0131 vir\u00fcs var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcstelik bu sadece gezegenimizdeki vir\u00fcsler i\u00e7in bir tahmin. Baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131, D\u00fcnyada bu kadar bol bulunan bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle di\u011fer gezegenlerde de bulundu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmektedir<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vir\u00fcslerin ger\u00e7ekten canl\u0131 m\u0131 yoksa sadece biyolojik bir mekanizma m\u0131<\/a> oldu\u011fu konusunda bir tart\u0131\u015fma vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131, vir\u00fcslerin ya\u015fayan bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n niteliklerini ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc di\u011fer t\u00fcm organizmalarda bulunan kendini kopyalama \u00f6zelli\u011finden yoksun olduklar\u0131n\u0131 iddia ediyorlar. Vir\u00fcse ait par\u00e7ac\u0131klar, \u00fczerine yerle\u015ftikleri organ\u0131n (konak\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n) h\u00fccrelerine ba\u011flanarak ve genetik materyallerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 bu h\u00fccrelere yerle\u015ftirerek \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131rlar. Konak\u00e7\u0131 h\u00fccre, vir\u00fcse ait ve hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7o\u011faltmak i\u00e7in gerekli olan DNA\u2019n\u0131n kopyalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Viral bir enfeksiyona yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda\nba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemimiz durdurana kadar, bir anlamda bu parazit par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n katlanarak\nb\u00fcy\u00fcmesini sa\u011flayan bir vir\u00fcs \u00fcretme fabrikas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyoruz. So\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve\ngripten, hepatit ve HIV\u2019e kadar her t\u00fcrl\u00fc viral enfeksiyon bu \u015fekilde \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum, viral enfeksiyonlar\u0131\ntedavisini zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Antibiyotikler, bakterilerin b\u00fcy\u00fcme mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 hedefleyerek,\nbakteriyel bir enfeksiyonu \u00f6ld\u00fcrebilir. Vir\u00fcslerde bu mekanizma olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in antibiyotiklerin\nhi\u00e7bir etkisi yoktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yararl\u0131 Vir\u00fcsler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ancak baz\u0131 vir\u00fcsler bakterileri\nger\u00e7ekten \u00f6ld\u00fcrebilir. Sindirim, solunum ve \u00fcreme yollar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kaplayan mukoza zar\u0131,\nbakteriyofajlara (veya \u201cfajlara\u201d) ev sahipli\u011fi yapar. Bu vir\u00fcslerin baz\u0131lar\u0131 belirli\nbakterileri enfekte eder ve yok ederler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 da daha tehlikeli vir\u00fcslere kar\u015f\u0131\nsava\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131pk\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n\ni\u00e7imizde ya\u015fayan temel ve yararl\u0131 bakterilerin oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendikleri gibi, v\u00fccudumuzda\nkoruyucu vir\u00fcsler de bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

San Diego Eyalet \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan son ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar<\/a>, bu yararl\u0131 vir\u00fcslerin veya fajlar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemimizin do\u011fal bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlar yeni haberler de\u011fil. Fajlar yakla\u015f\u0131k bir as\u0131rd\u0131r Staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enfeksiyonlar\u0131, dizanteri ve daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu sepsis tedavisinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r<\/a>. \u0130laca diren\u00e7li enfeksiyonlar daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir endi\u015fe uyand\u0131rd\u0131k\u00e7a, fajlar di\u011fer viral enfeksiyonlar da dahil olmak \u00fczere her t\u00fcr enfeksiyonu tedavi etmenin bir yolu olarak daha fazla ilgi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc k\u00f6t\u00fc vir\u00fcs s\u00f6z konusu\noldu\u011funda, hi\u00e7 kimse viral \u00fcreme i\u00e7in bir konak\u00e7\u0131 olmak istemez. Bununla birlikte,\nbaz\u0131 vir\u00fcslere maruz kalmak bizi daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemimizi\nantikorlar (mikrobiyal istilac\u0131lar\u0131 engelleyen \u00f6zel proteinler) \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in tetiklerler.\nTemas etti\u011fimiz her mikrop i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir antikor vard\u0131r, ama onlara sahip olmak\nkolay de\u011fildir. Tolliver, bu antikorlar\u0131 elde etmenin ana yolunun \u201caktif ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k\u201d\ndenilen \u015fey oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cV\u00fccut, kendi ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k\nsistemi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla vir\u00fcs ve bakterilerle sava\u015f\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131kla ilgili\nbir tepki olu\u015fturur ve gelecekteki enfeksiyonlarla sava\u015fmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak antikorlar\n\u00fcretir\u201d diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Savunma sistemimizin bir\nba\u015fka par\u00e7as\u0131 \u201cpasif ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131\ngibi, kendi bedenimiz bu korumay\u0131 yaratm\u0131yor. Bunun yerine pasif ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k, annemizin\ns\u00fct\u00fcnden veya anne karn\u0131ndayken ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z koruyucu antikorlardan gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u00f6zel antikorlar\u0131 elde\nedene kadar, bize bula\u015fabilecek zararl\u0131 vir\u00fcslerin merhametine kalm\u0131\u015f haldeyiz.\nBaz\u0131lar\u0131 bizi hasta ediyor, ama baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olabilir. Tolliver fark\u0131n, bir\nvir\u00fcs\u00fcn kendi h\u00fccrelerimizi bize kar\u015f\u0131 kullanma kabiliyetinde yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vir\u00fcs Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla M\u00fccadele<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

So\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vir\u00fcs\u00fc,\nba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemimiz ona bir son verene kadar, sadece bir iki hafta bizi etkileyebilir.\nBununla birlikte, HIV \/ AIDS gibi bir vir\u00fcs kendi kendini kopyalayarak v\u00fccudumuzu\ntamamen ele ge\u00e7irilebilir ve s\u00fcre\u00e7te h\u00fccrelerimizi \u00f6ld\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tolliver, \u201c\u0130la\u00e7lar\u0131n ortaya\n\u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla birlikte, bu durum bir \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131ndan, insanlar\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131\ns\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilecekleri kronik bir hastal\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HIV tedavisinde kullan\u0131lan\n– antiretroviraller olarak bilinen – ila\u00e7lar, viral aktiviteyi bask\u0131layarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.\nVir\u00fcs\u00fcn \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler, b\u00f6ylece hastan\u0131n h\u00fccrelerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesini durdurur. Bu\nstrateji vir\u00fcs\u00fc \u00f6ld\u00fcrmez veya hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmez, ancak hasta \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc uzat\u0131r\nve hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n bula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak antiretroviral ila\u00e7lar\ntek se\u00e7enek olmayabilir. Genellikle mikrobiyal enfeksiyonlara tek cevab\u0131n modern\nt\u0131pta oldu\u011funu zannediyoruz, ancak antik t\u0131p da bir miktar yard\u0131m sa\u011flayabilir.\nGeli\u015fmekte olan bilim de bunu destekliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin 2000\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015flayan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma<\/a>da, 50\u2019li ve 60\u2019l\u0131 ya\u015flar\u0131ndaki sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 AIDS hastalar\u0131 incelendi. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya kat\u0131lan dokuz kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131ya Antiretroviraller yerine, 13 farkl\u0131 bitkisel \u00f6zden olu\u015fan geleneksel bir \u00c7in form\u00fcl\u00fc verildi. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 9 ki\u015fiden 8\u2019inde saptanamayan bir viral y\u00fck vard\u0131 ve geri kalan hastan\u0131n viral y\u00fck\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fc. Daha sonraki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, geleneksel \u00c7in t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n tedaviye dahil edilmesinin, geleneksel antiretroviral tedaviden kaynaklanan yan etkilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modern bilim ayr\u0131ca, antik t\u0131p form\u00fcllerinin daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k korumas\u0131 sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini kabul ediyor. Andrographis<\/a> ve ekinezya<\/a> gibi bitkilerin d\u00fczenli kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, baz\u0131 viral enfeksiyonlar\u0131n etkisini ve \u015fiddetini azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hastal\u0131klara yakalanmamak\ni\u00e7in uygulayabilece\u011fimiz daha basit y\u00f6ntemler de var. Hijyen \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. \u00d6zellikle\na\u011fz\u0131n\u0131za, burnunuza ve g\u00f6zlerinize dokunmadan \u00f6nce ellerinizi d\u00fczenli olarak y\u0131kamak,\nenfeksiyonlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemenin etkili bir yoludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hastal\u0131k Kontrol Merkezleri\n(The Centers for Disease Control – CDC), el\ny\u0131kaman\u0131n ishal ve solunum yolu enfeksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 ve hatta cilt ve g\u00f6z enfeksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131\nda \u00f6nlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilece\u011fini belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CDC\u2019ye g\u00f6re, \u201cEllerin temiz\ntutulmas\u0131, hastalanmaktan ve mikroplar\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131na yaymaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in atabilece\u011fimiz\nen \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlardan biridir. Pek \u00e7ok hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131, elleri sabun ve temiz,\nakan su ile y\u0131kamakla \u00f6nlenebilir\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fczenli olarak sabun kullanmak\nen iyisidir, unutmay\u0131n. Antibakteriyel sabunlar, sadece antibiyotik direncine katk\u0131da\nbulunmakla kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda vir\u00fcslere kar\u015f\u0131 kesinlikle hi\u00e7bir avantaj sa\u011flamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son olarak, sakin ya\u015fay\u0131n\nve bol miktarda uyudu\u011funuzdan emin olun. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hi\u00e7bir \u015fey, direncimizi stres kadar\nfazla zay\u0131flatamaz. Stres, v\u00fccudumuzun bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda kullanabilece\u011fi\nkaynaklar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrerek ve bizi temas edebilece\u011fimiz vir\u00fcslere kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tolliver, \u201cV\u00fccuttaki stres\nseviyesi, v\u00fccudumuzun hastal\u0131\u011fa nas\u0131l tepki verece\u011fini ve bir enfeksiyonla ne kadar\ng\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc m\u00fccadele edebilece\u011fini etkileyebilir\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yazan: Conan Milner, Epoch Times
\u00c7eviren: Hatice Atmaca, Epoch Times T\u00fcrkiye<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu acayip varl\u0131klar\u0131n her biri, bedenimizde farkl\u0131 roller \u00fcstleniyor. Vir\u00fcsler k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olabilir, ancak etkileri b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu basit organizmalar sadece protein kapl\u0131 bir n\u00fckleik asitten ibarettir, ancak \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klara neden olabilirler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olabilir; baz\u0131lar\u0131 da faydal\u0131 olabilir ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemimizin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olabilir. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca doktorlar vir\u00fcslerin (\u00e7ocuk felci, kuduz, u\u00e7uk, \u00f6p\u00fcc\u00fck hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12379,"featured_media":124388,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":""},"categories":[519,1,6909,19],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nVir\u00fcs Nedir? - The Epoch Times TR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/virus-nedir\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vir\u00fcs Nedir? - The Epoch Times TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bu acayip varl\u0131klar\u0131n her biri, bedenimizde farkl\u0131 roller \u00fcstleniyor. Vir\u00fcsler k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olabilir, ancak etkileri b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu basit organizmalar sadece protein kapl\u0131 bir n\u00fckleik asitten ibarettir, ancak \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klara neden olabilirler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olabilir; baz\u0131lar\u0131 da faydal\u0131 olabilir ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemimizin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olabilir. 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