{"id":140188,"date":"2022-08-08T00:55:41","date_gmt":"2022-08-07T21:55:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/?p=140188"},"modified":"2022-08-08T00:55:44","modified_gmt":"2022-08-07T21:55:44","slug":"unlu-benzer-figurler-marco-polo-ve-zhang-qian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/unlu-benzer-figurler-marco-polo-ve-zhang-qian","title":{"rendered":"\u00dcnl\u00fc Benzer Fig\u00fcrler: Marco Polo ve Zhang Qian"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"
Tatar kost\u00fcml\u00fc Marco Polo. Foto\u011fraflar: public domain (kamuya ait)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, \u00c7in K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ile ilgili derin deneyimleri olan \u015fahsiyetleri ele al\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. \u00d6 138 y\u0131l\u0131nda Zhang Qian ad\u0131nda bir memur, bir g\u00f6rev i\u00e7in \u00c7in’in bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak bir yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Fakat bu yolculuk, s\u00fcrekli engeller ve duraksamalar nedeniyle \u00e7ok uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcrd\u00fc, tam olarak 25 Y\u0131l. Zhang Qian, bu uzun s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda \u00c7inlilerin bilmedi\u011fi bir\u00e7ok krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaret etti ve \u00e7ok ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131, de\u011ferli bilgiler toplad\u0131. Zhang Qian’\u0131n bu raporlar\u0131, sonradan \u00c7in’in bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesindeki \u00fclkelerle ili\u015fkilerde, bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 ya\u015fanmas\u0131na vesile oldu. Onun Seyahatleri, “Kronik Kay\u0131tlar” adl\u0131 tarihi kronikte ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde belgelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MS 1271’de Marco Polo ad\u0131nda gen\u00e7 bir Venedikli t\u00fcccar vard\u0131, babas\u0131 ve amcas\u0131yla birlikte do\u011fuya do\u011fru yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Onlar tam 24 y\u0131l boyunca, t\u00fcm \u0130pek Yolu’nun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra t\u00fcm \u00c7ini ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya’y\u0131 ke\u015ffetmi\u015flerdi. Avrupa’ya d\u00f6nd\u00fcklerinde, Marco Polo,  “Marco Polo’nun Seyahatleri” adl\u0131 bir kitap yazd\u0131. Bu kitap bir\u00e7ok Avrupal\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan okunmu\u015f ve Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n Do\u011fu ile ilgili bir \u00e7ok merak ve hayallerini uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zhang Qian<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir Han hanedan\u0131, memuru ve diplomat\u0131 olan Zhang Qian (M\u00d6 164-113) imparator taraf\u0131ndan kom\u015fu bir g\u00f6\u00e7ebe kabile olan Yuezhi’ler ile bir ittifak anla\u015fmas\u0131 m\u00fczakeresi yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti. Zhang, yolda d\u00fc\u015fman b\u00f6lgesine ge\u00e7ti ve talihsiz bir bi\u00e7imde yakaland\u0131. On y\u0131ldan fazla bir s\u00fcre esaret alt\u0131nda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asla pes etmeyen birisi olarak o, sonunda ka\u00e7may\u0131 ve hedefine ula\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Sonunda Yuezhi halk\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye ula\u015fmaya ba\u015fard\u0131. Zhang, Yuezhi halk\u0131n\u0131n bir ittifaka s\u0131cak bakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Zhang, Yuezhi halk\u0131n\u0131n tar\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok geli\u015ftirdi\u011fini, \u00c7inde bulunmayan bitkilere sahip oldu\u011funu ve  \u00e7ok g\u00f6rkemli atlar yeti\u015ftirdiklerini tespit etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oradan Zhang, daha g\u00fcvenli bir yol olaca\u011f\u0131 umdu\u011fu ile, Han ba\u015fkentine geri d\u00f6nmeden \u00f6nce ke\u015fiflerini ve g\u00f6zlemlerini kaydederek Orta Asya’y\u0131 dola\u015ft\u0131. Fakat burada da tekrar esir d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u00c7in’in Shaanxi eyaletindeki Hanzhong \u015fehrinde bulunan bir Zhang Qian heykeli. Foto\u011fraflar: public domain (kamuya ait)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Neyse ki, daha elveri\u015fli \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda, daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 bulmu\u015ftu, bu sefer 2 y\u0131l esirlikten sonra ka\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Memleketine d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra Zhang, Han \u0130mparatoru’na ke\u015ffetti\u011fi bir\u00e7ok medeniyeti, krall\u0131klar\u0131, devletleri, k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri, ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131 ve co\u011frafyalar\u0131 anlatt\u0131 ve bu deneyimlerini ona aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Kronik Kay\u0131tlar” da \u015f\u00f6yle yazar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u0130mparatora, Dayuan, Daxia, Anxi ve di\u011fer eyaletler hakk\u0131nda bilgi verildi, hepsi b\u00fcy\u00fck, ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin yerler. Oradaki halklar topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleyip, biz \u00c7inlilerinkine benzer bir \u015fekilde ge\u00e7imlerini sa\u011fl\u0131yorlar.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Kan terleyen” Ferghana atlar\u0131, file binen sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar g\u00f6rd\u00fcm, ayr\u0131ca yetenekli ok\u00e7ular, yemlik yonca, tek h\u00f6rg\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc develer ve \u00fcz\u00fcmden yap\u0131lan \u015farap \u00e7ok ilgi \u00e7ekiciydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zhang, \u00c7inlilere Orta Asya ve halklar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda do\u011fru ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi veren tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ilk ki\u015fisiydi. Ke\u015fifleri, \u0130pek Yolu’nun Orta Asya \u00fczerinden geni\u015flemesine ve di\u011fer sonraki bir\u00e7ok sefere \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marco Polo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonraki y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u0130pek Yolu ini\u015fli ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 d\u00f6nemler ya\u015fad\u0131. 10. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Tang Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra \u00e7ok tehlikeli bir hale geldi ve ticaret b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azald\u0131. Bu 13. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki Mo\u011fol hakimiyetine kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve bu d\u00f6nemde tekrar canlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu da bizim paralel fig\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn (Marco Polo’nun) sahneye \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir zamand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marco Polo, 1254 y\u0131l\u0131nda Venedikli t\u00fcccar olan bir ailede do\u011fmu\u015ftu. Delikanl\u0131 bir gen\u00e7 iken, babas\u0131 ve amcas\u0131yla Do\u011fu’ya bir i\u015f gezisine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ancak \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sadece ticaret anla\u015fmalar\u0131yla ilgilenmiyordu onlar gezdi\u011fi k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri ke\u015ffetmeyi de istiyordu ve onlar\u0131n tekrar Avrupa’ya ayak basmas\u0131 24 y\u0131l s\u00fcrecekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polo Ailesi Venedik’ten yola \u00e7\u0131karak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye’si, Israil, Irak, \u0130ran, Afganistan ve Tacikistan’\u0131 gezdiler ve oralardan ge\u00e7erek Taklamakan ve Gobi \u00e7\u00f6llerinden ilerleyerek, sonunda Yuan hanedan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkentine geldiklerinde, Kubilay Han (Cengiz’in torunu) taraf\u0131ndan kabul edildiler. Daha \u00f6nce baba ve amca ile tan\u0131\u015fan Han, \u015fimdi en gen\u00e7 Polo ile tan\u0131\u015farak onu el\u00e7isi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu g\u00fcvence sayesinde, Marco Polo 17 y\u0131l boyunca \u00c7in ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya’y\u0131, adeta bir  VIP ge\u00e7i\u015f kart\u0131yla ke\u015ffetmesine, bat\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131n daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi yerleri ve yeni \u015feyleri g\u00f6rmesine vesile oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zhang Qian, hat\u0131rlarsak, o kadar \u015fansl\u0131 de\u011fildi ve on y\u0131ldan fazla bir s\u00fcre esir edilmi\u015fti. Marco Polo \u00e7ok \u015fansl\u0131yd\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Han onu \u00e7ok seviyordu, y\u0131llar sonra eve d\u00f6nmek istedi\u011finde, Han kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in defalarca onu ikna etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En sonunda Kubilay Han Marco’nun eve d\u00f6nmesine izin verdi. Fakat 1295’te memleketine d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, Venedik’i sava\u015fta buldu. Marco bir kad\u0131rga komutan\u0131 oldu, ancak k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra kendini \u00c7inli meslekta\u015f\u0131 gibi esir buldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Tatar kost\u00fcml\u00fc Marco Polo. Foto\u011fraflar: public domain (kamuya ait)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Fakat burada da bo\u015f durmad\u0131 ve hapishanedeyken, Marco Polo Destans\u0131 Seyahat G\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc h\u00fccre arkada\u015f\u0131yla birlikte yazd\u0131. “Marco Polo’nun Yolculuklar\u0131” Asya co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geleneklerini anlat\u0131yor. Marco Polo, porselen ve baruttan, k\u00fct\u00fck gibi yanan ta\u015flardan (k\u00f6m\u00fcr), gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck saraya sahip b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015fkentten ve 6.000 ki\u015filik bir yemek salonundan s\u00f6z eder. Ka\u011f\u0131t paradan ve imparatorluk postas\u0131ndan, devasa kanal sistemlerinden, muazzam demir ve tuz \u00fcretiminden, cep kitaplar\u0131ndan ve ipek giysilerden, ayr\u0131ca fillerden, timsahlardan ve maymunlardan bahseder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ama sonunda Marco Polo \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: “G\u00f6rd\u00fcklerimin sadece yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131m.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Onun bu ke\u015fif ve gezileri, Avrupal\u0131lara \u00c7in ve di\u011fer Asya \u00fclkeleri hakk\u0131nda geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 ve \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bilgiler verdi. Onun Kitab\u0131 inan\u0131lmaz derecede pop\u00fcler oldu ve zaman\u0131n en de\u011ferli eserlerden birisi olarak kabul edildi. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan fazla bir s\u00fcre ge\u00e7tikten sonra, Kristof Kolomb ad\u0131nda bir adam\u0131n kendi yolculuklar\u0131nda, Marco Polo’nun kitab\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yani burada, biri do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya, di\u011feri bat\u0131dan do\u011fuya seyahat eden, her biri yakla\u015f\u0131k yirmi be\u015f y\u0131l s\u00fcren tehlikeli yolculuklara \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve uluslar\u0131na ke\u015ffettikleri b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici d\u00fcnyalara yeni bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 getiren iki adamd\u0131r. Bin y\u0131l arayla, Zhang Qian ve Marco Polo’nun yollar\u0131 bir \u015fekilde birbiriyle kesi\u015fti, k\u00fclt\u00fcrler aras\u0131 ke\u015fif el\u00e7ileri olarak rollerinde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131d\u0131rlar ve ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 ve ilham verici bireyler olarak tarihe ge\u00e7tiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yazan: Betty Wang<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7eviri: Evren Durmaz, Epoch Times T\u00fcrkiye <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Makale ilk olarak ShenYun.org’da yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, \u00c7in K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ile ilgili derin deneyimleri olan \u015fahsiyetleri ele al\u0131yoruz. M. \u00d6 138 y\u0131l\u0131nda Zhang Qian ad\u0131nda bir memur, bir g\u00f6rev i\u00e7in \u00c7in’in bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak bir yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Fakat bu yolculuk, s\u00fcrekli engeller ve duraksamalar nedeniyle \u00e7ok uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcrd\u00fc, tam olarak 25 Y\u0131l. Zhang Qian, bu uzun s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda \u00c7inlilerin bilmedi\u011fi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2500,"featured_media":140189,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":""},"categories":[41,8,519,8138],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u00dcnl\u00fc Benzer Fig\u00fcrler: Marco Polo ve Zhang Qian - The Epoch Times TR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/unlu-benzer-figurler-marco-polo-ve-zhang-qian\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00dcnl\u00fc Benzer Fig\u00fcrler: Marco Polo ve Zhang Qian - The Epoch Times TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, \u00c7in K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ile ilgili derin deneyimleri olan \u015fahsiyetleri ele al\u0131yoruz. M. \u00d6 138 y\u0131l\u0131nda Zhang Qian ad\u0131nda bir memur, bir g\u00f6rev i\u00e7in \u00c7in’in bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak bir yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Fakat bu yolculuk, s\u00fcrekli engeller ve duraksamalar nedeniyle \u00e7ok uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcrd\u00fc, tam olarak 25 Y\u0131l. 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