{"id":140596,"date":"2022-09-16T20:45:17","date_gmt":"2022-09-16T17:45:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/?p=140596"},"modified":"2022-09-16T21:36:49","modified_gmt":"2022-09-16T18:36:49","slug":"komunizm-nasil-fasizme-ve-siddete-yol-acti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/komunizm-nasil-fasizme-ve-siddete-yol-acti","title":{"rendered":"Kom\u00fcnizm Nas\u0131l Fa\u015fizme ve \u015eiddete Yol A\u00e7t\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bir kitap incelemesi: \u2018Sava\u015f\u0131n Hayaleti: Uluslararas\u0131 Kom\u00fcnizm ve \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n K\u00f6kenleri\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Yorum<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto\u011fraf: Amazon<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kom\u00fcnizm, s\u00f6zde e\u015fitlik ve bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bir ideolojidir. Yine de ger\u00e7ekte, diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn te\u015fvik edilmesi ve \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddet yoluyla ele ge\u00e7irilmesiyle her seferinde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en k\u00f6t\u00fc otoriter rejimlerine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak sava\u015f, k\u0131tl\u0131k ve soyk\u0131r\u0131mlarda, Koreliler, Afganlar, \u00c7e\u00e7enler, Ukraynal\u0131lar, Vietnaml\u0131lar, Uygurlar, Tibetliler ve Falun Gong uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere on milyonlarca insan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1917\u2019de Rusya\u2019daki orijinal devrim ve onu takip eden Avrupa ve Asya\u2019daki devrimler de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere kom\u00fcnist devrimlerin fa\u015fist a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tepkiyi nas\u0131l k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015fi anlayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu devrimler, sava\u015f halindeki \u0130talya ve Almanya\u2019da sosyal ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 \u015fiddete yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ayr\u0131ca bu devrimlerin \u0130ngiltere ve Do\u011fu Avrupa \u00fclkeleri taraf\u0131ndan bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da Naziler taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek sava\u015f\u0131n ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n yolunu a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jonathan Haslam\u2019\u0131n bilgilendirici yeni kitab\u0131 \u201cSava\u015f\u0131n Hayaleti: Uluslararas\u0131 Kom\u00fcnizm ve \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n K\u00f6kenleri\u201d (Princeton University Press, 2021) bu bozulmay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. \u0130ngiltere\u2019deki Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde profes\u00f6r olan Haslam, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Avrupa\u2019daki ar\u015fivleri kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kom\u00fcnizm \u0130deolojisi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Rus Devrimi ve I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra \u0130ngiliz gazeteciler, \u201cBol\u015fevik emperyalizmi\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131, kom\u00fcnizmi Rusya\u2019dan d\u00fcnyaya ihra\u00e7 etme hamlesini fark etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Kom\u00fcnizmin etkisi alt\u0131nda ac\u0131 \u00e7ekenlerin sadece Ruslar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirttiler. D\u00fcnya, yerli ve yabanc\u0131 i\u015fgalci ordular\u0131yla sava\u015fma riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marksizm-Leninizm\u2019in kom\u00fcnist ideolojisi (daha sonra yanl\u0131\u015f bir \u015fekilde \u201cBol\u015fevizm\u201d ya da \u201c\u00e7o\u011funluk yanl\u0131s\u0131\u201d olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131) Rus emperyalizminin kilit noktas\u0131yd\u0131 – \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Rusya emsallerine g\u00f6re zay\u0131f bir devletti – ve bu nedenle yabanc\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclere muhta\u00e7t\u0131. Bol\u015fevikler bu i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin kapitalizmin sert \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden yararlanacaklar\u0131n\u0131 iddia ediyordu. Bu \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131\u201d, kendilerini \u201czincirlerinden\u201d \u201ckurtaraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d yanl\u0131\u015f bir \u015fekilde iddia eden kom\u00fcnist ideolojiye ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Moskova K\u0131z\u0131l Meydan\u2019daki kalabal\u0131k, Lenin\u2019in mozolesindeki \u015feref k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n saat ba\u015f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimini izliyor, 1986. (Foto\u011fraf: Unsplash)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019nin Fransa b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isine g\u00f6re Bol\u015fevik propagandas\u0131 1918\u2019de o kadar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131 ki, \u201cHer yerde karga\u015fa, ayaklanma ve sars\u0131nt\u0131 vard\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haslam\u2019a g\u00f6re o d\u00f6nemde demokrasiler ancak sosyal reformlarla – \u0130ngiltere’de hi\u00e7bir zaman in\u015fa edilmeyen “kahramanlar i\u00e7in vaat edilen evler” – ve daha e\u015fitlik\u00e7i gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 gibi abart\u0131l\u0131 bo\u015f vaatlerde bulunarak hayatta kalabilirdi. Eninde sonunda bu vaad edilen s\u00f6zlerin vadesi geldi\u011finde s\u00f6zleri tutmak i\u00e7in uygulanan y\u00f6ntemler talebi kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in yetersiz kalaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu \u015fekilde sadece ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olan an, ancak ertelenebilirdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130talyan Fa\u015fizminin K\u00f6keni<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Haslam\u2019a g\u00f6re \u0130talya\u2019da iki sava\u015f aras\u0131nda kom\u00fcnizmin etkisiyle artan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin hem siyasi olarak bozulmas\u0131 hem de mali yolsuzlu\u011fu, \u201ckronik olarak zay\u0131f\u201d bir demokrasiye yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u201cA\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sol onlara bask\u0131 yaparken, yava\u015f yava\u015f yenik d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler\u201d diye yaz\u0131yor Haslam ve \u015f\u00f6yle ekliyor; \u201cOnlar bunu yaparken, yerel d\u00fczeyde yava\u015f ama kararl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde artan tepki, sa\u011f taraf\u0131ndan alevlendirildi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1919\u2019a gelindi\u011finde, \u0130talya\u2019da a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i bir hareket ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: \u201csosyalist anti-militaristler, sava\u015f \u015fehitlerini anmak i\u00e7in an\u0131tlar\u0131n dikilmesini engelledi\u011fi ve \u00fclkelerine hizmet madalyalar\u0131 takanlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, [Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan] eski sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 birlikleri \u015fiddetli tepki g\u00f6sterdi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haslam\u2019a g\u00f6re, \u201ca\u015f\u0131r\u0131 soldan gelen s\u00fcrekli tehditlere\u201d yan\u0131t olarak ve Rus Devrimi\u2019nden sadece \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra \u0130talya, y\u00fckselen bir fa\u015fist hareketin ilk genel kurulunu 1920\u2019de yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk \u0130talyan fa\u015fistleri, Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019ne ve \u00fclkelerinin mali egemenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131yd\u0131lar. \u201cApulia, Emilia-Romagna ve Veneto\u2019daki tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin grevleriyle ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, Roma, Napoli, Torino, Milano ve Cenova \u015fehirlerinde tramvay ve demiryollar\u0131ndaki, taksi \u015fof\u00f6rleri aras\u0131ndaki, postane ve elektrik hizmetlerindeki y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 grev dalgalar\u0131na\u201d kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar diye yaz\u0131yor Haslam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kom\u00fcnist huzursuzluktan kaynaklanan enflasyon ve \u015fiddet, yaln\u0131zca \u0130talyan m\u00fclk sahiplerinin de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda emeklilerin, idari \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n ve sabit gelirlilerin de siyasi ve mali istikrar\u0131na zarar verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haslam bu arada, \u201c[Rus] K\u0131z\u0131l Ordusu\u2019nun Polonya\u2019ya girmesiyle, A\u011fustos\u2019ta [1920] Var\u015fova\u2019dan ba\u015flayarak muhtemelen ard\u0131ndan Berlin\u2019i i\u015fgal edecek olmas\u0131, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n geri kalan\u0131nda pani\u011fe yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u201d diye yaz\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kom\u00fcnizmin bu h\u0131zl\u0131 geni\u015flemesinden – ve yerle\u015fik demokratik y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imlerinin g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz tepkisinden – demokrasilerde \u0130talya\u2019daki Benito Mussolini gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc adamlara duyulan ihtiyac\u0131n fark\u0131na var\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nazi Almanyas\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nihayetinde \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 olacak bir kom\u00fcnist ideolojinin \u015fiddetine, f\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve otoriterli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131, benzer \u015fekilde fa\u015fizmin de \u015fiddetli, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131, f\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131 ve otoriter a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tepkisi, bu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc ve bir yandan Adolf Hitler fa\u015fizmi de kendi b\u00f6lgesel yay\u0131lmac\u0131 ve soyk\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 ama\u00e7lar\u0131na y\u00f6nelirken, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPolonya, Romanya ve \u00c7ekoslovakya da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm \u00fclkeler, daha kolay izole edildi, birer birer se\u00e7ildi ve ard\u0131ndan Hitler taraf\u0131ndan haritadan silindi. Her biri i\u00e7in Kom\u00fcnist y\u00f6netim korkusunun, Nazilerin korkusundan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tland\u0131\u201d diye yaz\u0131yor Haslam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ba\u015flatan Polonya\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fgalinden bir ay sonra Alman birlikleri, 5 Ekim 1939\u2019da Polonya\u2019n\u0131n Var\u015fova kentinde Adolf Hitler ve Nazi generallerinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde ge\u00e7it t\u00f6reni d\u00fczenliyor. (Kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k foto\u011fraf)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

O zamanlar, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nden gelen tehdidin \u0130ngiltere de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerce iyi bilindi\u011fini belirtiyor. Ancak \u201cNazi Almanyas\u0131ndan gelenin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve derinli\u011fi\u201d, o kadar da korkutucu de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Klasik ekonomiyi benimseyen \u0130ngiliz yetkililer, hem kom\u00fcnizm hem de fa\u015fizmin tehditlerini, diplomatik bask\u0131 ve \u0130ngilizlerin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu uluslararas\u0131 ticaret yoluyla bertaraf etmeyi umuyorlard\u0131. Ancak Rusya, umuldu\u011fu gibi \u201cmucizevi bir \u015fekilde\u201d geli\u015fmedi. Nazi Almanyas\u0131 da ayn\u0131 durumdayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Komintern Bast\u0131rmay\u0131 K\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131yor<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda devrimleri te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in 1919\u2019da Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonal (Komintern) kuruldu ve 1920\u2019de Moskova\u2019ya tam olarak uyma \u015fart\u0131 getirildi. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu kom\u00fcnist ve fa\u015fist huzursuzluk kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130ngilizler kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalmaya devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haslam, kitab\u0131 i\u00e7in Komintern ar\u015fivlerine ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1921\u2019de Komintern, \u00c7in\u2019deki \u0130ngiliz \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin kurulu\u015funu do\u011frudan destekledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haslam\u2019a g\u00f6re \u00c7in\u2019deki Bol\u015fevikler Kom\u00fcnist \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin kurulmas\u0131na yard\u0131m ettikleri \u201cPekin, \u015eanghay, Tientsin, Kanton, Hankow, Nanjing ve ba\u015fka yerlerdeki mevcut \u00f6\u011frenci tart\u0131\u015fma gruplar\u0131 etraf\u0131nda faaliyetlerini geli\u015ftirdiler.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sovyet propagandas\u0131, \u201ck\u00fcresel kapitalizmin\u201d en zay\u0131f halkas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00c7in\u2019e y\u00f6neldi. 1920\u2019lerde<\/a> milliyet\u00e7i, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve kom\u00fcnistlerin, diktat\u00f6rlere ve \u0130ngilizler de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere yabanc\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 huzursuzluk duymas\u0131na ve devrimine ilham verdi. Milliyet\u00e7iler ve kom\u00fcnistler 1927 ile 1936 aras\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019de bir i\u00e7 sava\u015f verdiler, ancak bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 \u201cemperyalizmini\u201d kovma giri\u015fimlerinde nispeten birle\u015ftiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1937 tarihli bu foto\u011frafta, soldan sa\u011fa Bo Gu, Zhou Enlai, kuzey Shaanxi Eyaletinden Zhu De, 1945\u2019te \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olacak olan Mao Zedong g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. (Foto\u011fraf: Wikipedia)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Haslam, \u201cAyaklanmac\u0131 rejimler t\u00fcm uluslararas\u0131 sistemin i\u015fleyi\u015fini baltalamak i\u00e7in sars\u0131lmaz bir kararl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterseler bile [\u0130ngilizlerdeki] e\u011filim, her zaman \u2018sa\u011fduyunun er ya da ge\u00e7 geri d\u00f6nece\u011fini ve do\u011fal egemenli\u011fini yeniden g\u00f6sterece\u011fini varsaymak olmu\u015ftur\u201d diye yaz\u0131yor. \u0130ngilizlerin buna \u201ctetikte bekleme\u201d, Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n ise \u201cstratejik sab\u0131r\u201d dedi\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haslam\u2019a g\u00f6re 1936\u2019da \u201cBol\u015fevizm, Fransa ve \u0130spanya Komintern Halk Cephelerinin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Avrupa\u2019ya geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMussolini yabanc\u0131lar hakk\u0131ndaki h\u0131rslar\u0131nda k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Bol\u015fevizm\u2019i yerinde tuttu\u011fu ve Gramsci\u2019yi [\u0130talyan kom\u00fcnisti] hapiste tuttu\u011fu i\u00e7in [\u0130ngiliz yetkililer taraf\u0131ndan] temelde sa\u011flam olarak de\u011ferlendirildi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHitler\u2019in Versay Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ihlal etmesi, hatta Renanya\u2019n\u0131n yeniden i\u015fgal edilmesi, [\u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan] yak\u0131n zamandaki adaletsizliklerin gerekli d\u00fczeltmesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc; Almanya\u2019da, \u0130talya\u2019da ve daha sonra \u0130spanya\u2019daki fa\u015fizm, devrimci a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 gerekli bir panzehir olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eski \u0130ngiltere Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Neville Chamberlain, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte Hitler\u2019i yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak kadar zay\u0131f biri olarak tasvir edilirken, Haslam onu gizli bir Yahudi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ve Hitler ve Mussolini gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc adamlar\u0131n hayran\u0131 olarak tasvir ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chamberlain\u2019in Hitler\u2019i yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 bir zay\u0131fl\u0131k olarak de\u011fil, kom\u00fcnizme panzehir olarak fa\u015fizmle gizli bir ideolojik anla\u015fma ve onun ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve kas\u0131tl\u0131 bir g\u00f6rmezden gelme olarak tasvir ediliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kitapta Chamberlain taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir brifing, bir muhabirin hat\u0131ralar\u0131ndan aktar\u0131l\u0131yor: \u201cMasan\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndan gelen, \u00f6rne\u011fin Yahudilere y\u00f6nelik zul\u00fcm raporlar\u0131, Hitler\u2019in tutulmam\u0131\u015f vaatleri veya Mussolini\u2019nin h\u0131rslar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda sorulan herhangi bir soru, iyi kurgulanm\u0131\u015f bir yan\u0131t alacakt\u0131. B\u00f6ylesine deneyimli bir gazetecinin Yahudi-Kom\u00fcnist propagandas\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131na \u015fa\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczle Ba\u011flant\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Rusya Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Vladimir Putin, May\u0131s 2015’te Moskova’ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir devlet ziyareti s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00c7in lideri Xi Jinping ile birlikte. (Foto\u011fraf: Wikipedia)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde sava\u015fla tehdit eden ve toprak alanlar art\u0131k Hitler ve Mussolini de\u011fil, Xi Jinping ve Vladimir Putin. \u00d6rne\u011fin Putin, Ukraynal\u0131lara, Uygurlara ve Tibetlilere kar\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 derecede \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in\u2019in devasa ekonomisi ve kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015f g\u00f6zetleme teknolojisi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu yenilenen Rus-\u00c7in totaliter d\u00fczleminin, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131nkinden bile daha tehlikeli oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hem \u00c7in hem de Rusya, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ve Avrupa\u2019daki siyasi kutupla\u015fmay\u0131 kullanmaya, yolun di\u011fer taraf\u0131ndaki yasa koyucuyu, okyanuslar\u0131n \u00f6tesindeki diktat\u00f6rden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tehdit gibi g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131daki benzerliklerden g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi gibi, demokrasilerin i\u00e7 siyasi farkl\u0131l\u0131klara a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tepki g\u00f6sterme ve kendi toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011fe ve sava\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 koyan toplumlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme riski yine vard\u0131r. Haslam\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131 net bir \u015fekilde, Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n ortak hedeflerini, hem kom\u00fcnizmin hem de fa\u015fizmin tehlikelerini ve bu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ideolojilerin birbirini nas\u0131l besledi\u011fini anlat\u0131yor. Umal\u0131m ki kitap okunur ve gelecekte her iki tehlikeden de ka\u00e7\u0131nmam\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu makalede ifade edilen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler yazar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleridir ve The Epoch Times\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini yans\u0131tmayabilir.<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Yazan: Anders Corr, The Epoch Times
\u00c7eviren: Hatice Atmaca, Epoch Times T\u00fcrkiye<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bir kitap incelemesi: \u2018Sava\u015f\u0131n Hayaleti: Uluslararas\u0131 Kom\u00fcnizm ve \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n K\u00f6kenleri\u2019 Yorum Kom\u00fcnizm, s\u00f6zde e\u015fitlik ve bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bir ideolojidir. Yine de ger\u00e7ekte, diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn te\u015fvik edilmesi ve \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddet yoluyla ele ge\u00e7irilmesiyle her seferinde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en k\u00f6t\u00fc otoriter rejimlerine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak sava\u015f, k\u0131tl\u0131k ve soyk\u0131r\u0131mlarda, Koreliler, Afganlar, \u00c7e\u00e7enler, Ukraynal\u0131lar, Vietnaml\u0131lar, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12379,"featured_media":140599,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":""},"categories":[5,519,8138],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nKom\u00fcnizm Nas\u0131l Fa\u015fizme ve \u015eiddete Yol A\u00e7t\u0131? - The Epoch Times TR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/komunizm-nasil-fasizme-ve-siddete-yol-acti\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kom\u00fcnizm Nas\u0131l Fa\u015fizme ve \u015eiddete Yol A\u00e7t\u0131? - The Epoch Times TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bir kitap incelemesi: \u2018Sava\u015f\u0131n Hayaleti: Uluslararas\u0131 Kom\u00fcnizm ve \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n K\u00f6kenleri\u2019 Yorum Kom\u00fcnizm, s\u00f6zde e\u015fitlik ve bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bir ideolojidir. 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