{"id":145255,"date":"2023-05-24T22:01:58","date_gmt":"2023-05-24T19:01:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/?p=145255"},"modified":"2024-08-12T11:07:34","modified_gmt":"2024-08-12T08:07:34","slug":"akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum","title":{"rendered":"Ak\u0131lc\u0131 Ahlak Neye Dayan\u0131r? Ahlak, politika ve yozla\u015fma (1. b\u00f6l\u00fcm)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\"\"
Frans Francken the Younger’\u0131n 1633 tarihli “\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ebedi \u0130kilemi\u2014Erdem ve Ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131k Aras\u0131ndaki Se\u00e7im” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131ndan bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131. Plaka \u00fczerine ya\u011fl\u0131 boya. Boston G\u00fczel Sanatlar M\u00fczesi. (Kamu Mal\u0131)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Ahlak\u0131n siyaset \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131nda kaybolup gidi\u015fi, bat\u0131 toplumumuzdaki bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi i\u00e7in en \u00e7ok \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131lan \u015feylerden biridir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ki\u015finin Demokrat ya da Cumhuriyet\u00e7i olmas\u0131 do\u011fru ya da yanl\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. O halde bi nevi hakl\u0131 ya da haks\u0131z olmak, Demokrat ya da Cumhuriyet\u00e7i olmakla e\u015f anlaml\u0131 hale geldi! Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, biz mant\u0131kl\u0131 olmaktan ziyade bir kabile haline geldik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bununla birlikte, \u0130ngiliz ahlak\u00e7\u0131 ve deneme yazar\u0131 Samuel Johnson’\u0131n g\u00f6zlemledi\u011fi gibi, “Ak\u0131ll\u0131ca d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen, ahlaki olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr.”diyebiliriz. Kabile mentalitesiyle -\u00dclkem, partim, ailem, fikirlerim, do\u011fru ya da yanl\u0131\u015f- d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek akl\u0131n sapk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekten de, Dante’nin “\u0130lahi Komedya” eserinin tamam\u0131n\u0131n, akl\u0131n (ak\u0131l) sapk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir ki bu insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 cehenneme, lanetlenmeye ve bu hayatta oldu\u011fu kadar sonraki hayatta da bitmeyen sefaletine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahlak Art\u0131k Makul G\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fcyor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahlak bug\u00fcnlerde pek pop\u00fcler bir konu de\u011fil; belki de fazla mu\u011flak, fazla tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ve en \u00f6nemlisi a\u00e7\u0131k ara fazla yarg\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. “Yarg\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131” demi\u015fken, \u201cZaman\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n Orwell’i \u201d olarak da an\u0131lan yazar Theodore Dalrymple’\u0131n g\u00f6zlemledi\u011fi gibi: \u201cGen\u00e7ler kendilerini \u00f6vmek istediklerinde, kendilerini ‘yarg\u0131s\u0131z’ olarak tan\u0131mlarlar. Onlar i\u00e7in ahlak\u0131n en y\u00fcksek bi\u00e7imi ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r.\u201d O halde, New York Times yazar\u0131 David Brooks’un \u201c E\u011fer Do\u011fru Gibi Geliyorsa \u2026\u201d adl\u0131 makalesinde ge\u00e7en, Amerikadaki gen\u00e7lerin ahlaki ya\u015famlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan r\u00f6portajda, gen\u00e7lerin \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinin, soruyu yan\u0131tlayamamas\u0131 veya bahsi ge\u00e7en konuyu ahlaks\u0131z olarak tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 hi\u00e7 de \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada tabii ki konu sadece gen\u00e7ler de\u011fil. Yarg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki kilit nokta s\u00f6zel olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Pek \u00e7ok insan neredeyse her g\u00fcn iyi ve k\u00f6t\u00fc ile ilgili ki\u015fisel deneyimler ya\u015far ve buna ra\u011fmen, 30 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcredir politikac\u0131lar, teologlar, medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve di\u011ferleri “iyi” ve “k\u00f6t\u00fc” kelimelerini iptal etmek ve onlar\u0131n yerine yenilerini koymak i\u00e7in tutarl\u0131 bir \u00e7aba g\u00f6steriyor. Mesela, “kabul edilemez” gibi kelimeler. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k davran\u0131\u015flar ve arzular art\u0131k k\u00f6t\u00fc de\u011fildir; kabul edilemezdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu d\u00fczenlemeler, elbette, ahlak\u0131 mutlak bir standarttan toplumsal bir norm haline getirir. Yazar ve psikiyatr Norman Doidge’\u0131n ve Jordan B. Peterson’\u0131n \u201cYa\u015fam\u0131n 12 Kural\u0131\u201dna \u00d6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnde belirtti\u011fi gibi: \u201c\u0130nsan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n ahlaki kayg\u0131lardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olabilece\u011fi fikri bir hayalden ibarettir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr yorumcusu David Brooks \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor: \u201cModern k\u00fclt\u00fcr g\u00fcnah\u0131n yerine hata ya da duyars\u0131zl\u0131k gibi kavramlar\u0131 koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya da ‘erdem’, ‘karakter’, ‘k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck’ ve ‘ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131k’ gibi kelimeleri tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu hayat\u0131 daha az ahlaki k\u0131lmak anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu sadece hayat\u0131n mutlak olan ahlaki \u00f6z\u00fcne s\u0131\u011f bir dille g\u00f6lge d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz anlam\u0131na gelir\u2026 \u00dcstelik g\u00fcnah kavram\u0131 da gereklidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc tamamen do\u011frudur.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck Kavram\u0131n\u0131 Ortadan Kald\u0131rmak<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Domenico Ghirlandaio’nun \u201cAziz Mikail ve Melekler \u015eeytanla Sava\u015fta\u201d 1448. Plaka \u00fczerine tempera tekni\u011fi. Detroit Sanat Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc. (Kamu Mal\u0131)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131rman\u0131n -ya da daha do\u011frusu, orada yokmu\u015f ve yeniden tan\u0131mlanabilecek bir\u015feymi\u015f gibi davranmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n- sorunu, bunu yapan\u0131n kendisinin k\u00f6t\u00fc olmas\u0131 ve bu uygulaman\u0131n daha fazla k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck \u00fcretmesidir. 4.000 y\u0131ldan daha uzun bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce bir vezir ve yazar olan Ptahhotep, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yeniden tan\u0131mlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak yerine onu durdurmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini belirtti, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ona g\u00f6re,”k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durdurma eylemi kal\u0131c\u0131 bir erdem olu\u015fturur.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durdurmak i\u00e7in elbette \u00f6ncelikle onun ne oldu\u011funu bilmemiz gereklidir. Ahlak kavram\u0131 insan bilincinin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan bir ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe -ruhsal ayd\u0131nlanmaya, tanr\u0131lara veya Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n kendisine – dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tanr\u0131sal iradenin kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olarak anlayabiliriz. T\u00fcm inan\u0131\u015f veya y\u00fcce yasa \u00f6rneklerinden g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u015fey, temel ahlak anlam\u0131nda hepsinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fme oldu\u011fudur: zina, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, yalanc\u0131 tan\u0131kl\u0131k, cinayet – d\u00f6rt bariz \u00f6rne\u011fi ele al\u0131rsak – bunlar t\u00fcm inan\u0131\u015flarda k\u0131nan\u0131r. Olay\u0131n detaylar\u0131n\u0131n (ba\u011flam) ne oldu\u011fu ve cezalar\u0131n ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n neler olabilece\u011fi farkl\u0131 inan\u0131\u015flara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilir, ancak genel y\u00f6n \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne yaz\u0131k ki, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durdurmak bug\u00fcn politikac\u0131lar\u0131n ve bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin istedi\u011fi \u015fey de\u011fil. Dalrymple’\u0131n \u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz ve Ondan Kalanlar\u201dda dedi\u011fi gibi, \u201cPsikoterap\u00f6tik d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde\u2026 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yoktur, sadece ma\u011fduriyet vard\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Art\u0131k kimse eylemlerinden sorumlu olmak zorunda de\u011fil, potansiyel olarak herkesin terapiye ihtiyac\u0131 var. Sorun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc! – Bu fikrin izini s\u00fcrersek konu Ayd\u0131nlanma’ya ve onun do\u011furdu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlere kadar uzanabilir. Marx bu noktada klasik bir \u00f6rnek olurdu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ona g\u00f6re ger\u00e7ek toplumsal hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ekonomik fakt\u00f6rler \u00fcretiyordu insanlar\u0131n kendileri de\u011fil. Kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n (veya belki de annesinin) e\u011flenceli bir al\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ekleyecek olursak, onun ironik bir \u015fekilde, \u015f\u00f6yle dedi\u011fi iddia edildi : “Ke\u015fke Karl, ‘Capital’ hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fmaya ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131n biraz\u0131n\u0131 da onu biriktirmeye ay\u0131rsa.”
D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler listesine Nietzsche ve Freud’u da ekleyebiliriz, bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin her biri insan do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 basite indirgeyerek d\u0131\u015fsal bir etken perspektiften a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. Ekonomiyi de\u011fi\u015ftirin, s\u00fcpermen olun, hayallerinizi anlay\u0131n b\u00f6ylece belki malum \u00fctopyaya eri\u015febilirsiniz!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Psikiyatristinizi Ziyaret Etmek<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz do\u011fru ve yanl\u0131\u015fa dayal\u0131 bir tedavi modeli yerine iyile\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelik bir modeli benimsemi\u015ftir. Egbert van Panderen’den sonra Johann Gelle’nin 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Tanr\u0131, Melek, \u0130nsan ve \u015eeytan Olarak Hekim” adl\u0131 renkli grav\u00fcr serisinden. (Wellcome Images\/CC BY 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n sa\u00e7mal\u0131\u011f\u0131, Dalrymple’\u0131n 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndaki en \u00fcnl\u00fc cenazelerden biri olan Prenses Diana’n\u0131n cenaze t\u00f6reni hakk\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yorumda s\u00f6yledikleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor: “Hayat\u0131 patolojik-terapisel yakla\u015f\u0131mla kabullenmek \u00f6yle evrensel bir hale geldi ki, Diana’n\u0131n cenazesinde bile St. Augustine’in varisi – yani, Canterbury’nin \u015fu anki Ba\u015fpiskoposu – sanki insan\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu en y\u00fcksek ahlaki ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zlemi bir psikiyat\u0131rla randevuymu\u015fcas\u0131na, Prensesin zafiyeti i\u00e7in Tanr\u0131’ya \u015f\u00fckretti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dalrymple’\u0131n yorumu o zamanlar duyarl\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcyse, \u015fimdi 10 kat daha duyarl\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc birinin savunmas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve\/veya k\u0131r\u0131lgan zihinsel durumunu ilan etmesi, herhangi bir sosyal medyan\u0131n geli\u015fig\u00fczel bir yorumunda da iddia edildi\u011fi gibi, erdemin olmazsa olmaz bir ko\u015fulu gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, son be\u015f y\u0131lda i\u015f ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir site olan LinkedIn’in savunmas\u0131z ki\u015filer i\u00e7in neden bir h\u00fcz\u00fcn \u015f\u00f6lenine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sorgulayan BBC’deki “LinkedIn Nas\u0131l De\u011fi\u015fiyor ve Neden Baz\u0131lar\u0131 Mutlu De\u011fil” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir makaleye dikkat \u00e7ekebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahlak Neye Dayan\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Ferdinand Bol’un “Musa On Emirle Sina Da\u011f\u0131ndan \u0130niyor” 1662. Tuval \u00fczerine ya\u011fl\u0131boya. Amsterdam Kraliyet Saray\u0131. (Kamu Mal\u0131)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

O halde arzulad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve savunmam\u0131z gereken erdem ya da ahlak nedir? Ahlak kavram\u0131n\u0131n otoriteye sahip olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ahlak\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilahi k\u00f6kenlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 gereklili\u011finden bahsetmi\u015ftim. Bu noktada ak\u0131lc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, mant\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan prensipleri ki\u015fi kendi olu\u015fturduktan sonra ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmay\u0131n: Ak\u0131l, akl\u0131n kendisi taraf\u0131ndan kan\u0131tlanamaz. Bu durumda \u00f6nce akl\u0131n mant\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011funu varsaymal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bununla birlikte, akl\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n d\u00f6rt alan\u0131na \u00f6zel uygulamalar\u0131 vard\u0131r: zina etmemek, \u00e7almamak (h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k), yalan s\u00f6ylememek (yalanc\u0131 tan\u0131kl\u0131k) ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmemek (cinayet). Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n neyi temsil ediyor olabilece\u011fine dair bir ipucu, bu d\u00f6rt su\u00e7un ortak noktas\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu g\u00f6zlemlenerek bulunabilir. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a, her biri di\u011fer insanlara zarar veriyor, ama nas\u0131l?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bence bunun cevab\u0131 -Bat\u0131 perspektifinden- bu faaliyetlerin her birinin bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Cinayet bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc elinden al\u0131r; yalan, ger\u00e7e\u011fe eri\u015fim \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r; \u00e7almak, maddi ve manevi varl\u0131klara eri\u015fim \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc elinden al\u0131r; ve zina, bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli ki\u015fiyle olan g\u00fcven ve yak\u0131nl\u0131k \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc elinden al\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, savunmam\u0131z gereken temel ahlaki ilke \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerimiz ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne duydu\u011fumuz sayg\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gazeteci-yazar AN Wilson, “Dante in Love” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda benzer \u015fekilde \u015funlar\u0131 yazd\u0131: “H\u0131ristiyan teolojisinin \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc – Bat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin t\u00fcm \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc de denilebilir – determinizm ile ahlaki se\u00e7imler yapma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc beyan etme \u00e7abas\u0131na olan inan\u00e7 aras\u0131nda bitmeyen bir sava\u015f olmu\u015ftur. E\u011fer sadece DNA’m\u0131zdan, tarihin materyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin bizi y\u00f6nlendirmesinden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011filsek ya da sosyal \u00e7evremizin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcysek, o zaman mahkemeler -cehennemi bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131n- adaletsizli\u011fin ac\u0131mas\u0131z makinalar\u0131d\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc her \u015fey \u00f6nceden kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, bir insan nas\u0131l olur da davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan sorumlu tutulabilir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uu\u011fruna sava\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015fey, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckt\u00fcr; \u00f6zellikle de irade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu makalenin 2. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve irade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kavram\u0131n\u0131 ve bu kavramlar\u0131n \u015fu anda nas\u0131l tehlikede oldu\u011funu biraz daha derinlemesine inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yazan: James Sale<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7eviri: Manolya Serra<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ahlak\u0131n siyaset \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131nda kaybolup gidi\u015fi, bat\u0131 toplumumuzdaki bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi i\u00e7in en \u00e7ok \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131lan \u015feylerden biridir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ki\u015finin Demokrat ya da Cumhuriyet\u00e7i olmas\u0131 do\u011fru ya da yanl\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. O halde bi nevi hakl\u0131 ya da haks\u0131z olmak, Demokrat ya da Cumhuriyet\u00e7i olmakla e\u015f anlaml\u0131 hale geldi! Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, biz […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13979,"featured_media":145258,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":""},"categories":[519,8207,8138],"tags":[8228,8231,8229,8230],"yoast_head":"\nAk\u0131lc\u0131 Ahlak Neye Dayan\u0131r? Ahlak, politika ve yozla\u015fma (1. b\u00f6l\u00fcm) - The Epoch Times TR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ak\u0131lc\u0131 Ahlak Neye Dayan\u0131r? Ahlak, politika ve yozla\u015fma (1. b\u00f6l\u00fcm) - The Epoch Times TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ahlak\u0131n siyaset \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131nda kaybolup gidi\u015fi, bat\u0131 toplumumuzdaki bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi i\u00e7in en \u00e7ok \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131lan \u015feylerden biridir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ki\u015finin Demokrat ya da Cumhuriyet\u00e7i olmas\u0131 do\u011fru ya da yanl\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. O halde bi nevi hakl\u0131 ya da haks\u0131z olmak, Demokrat ya da Cumhuriyet\u00e7i olmakla e\u015f anlaml\u0131 hale geldi! Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, biz […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Epoch Times TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/theepochtimestr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-05-24T19:01:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-12T08:07:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/Akilci-Ahlak-Neye-Dayanir-p1.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"811\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Manolya Serra\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@TheEpochTimesTR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@TheEpochTimesTR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Manolya Serra\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Manolya Serra\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#\/schema\/person\/a2a44dd30c7010db169ddfe5d96a9d0b\"},\"headline\":\"Ak\u0131lc\u0131 Ahlak Neye Dayan\u0131r? Ahlak, politika ve yozla\u015fma (1. b\u00f6l\u00fcm)\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-05-24T19:01:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-12T08:07:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum\"},\"wordCount\":1825,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/Akilci-Ahlak-Neye-Dayanir-p1.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"#ahlak\",\"#ak\u0131lc\u0131l\u0131k\",\"#politika\",\"#yozla\u015fma\"],\"articleSection\":[\"ED\u0130T\u00d6R\u00dcN SE\u00c7\u0130M\u0130\",\"Geleneksel De\u011ferler\",\"Man\u015fet\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum\",\"name\":\"Ak\u0131lc\u0131 Ahlak Neye Dayan\u0131r? Ahlak, politika ve yozla\u015fma (1. b\u00f6l\u00fcm) - The Epoch Times TR\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/Akilci-Ahlak-Neye-Dayanir-p1.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-05-24T19:01:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-12T08:07:34+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/Akilci-Ahlak-Neye-Dayanir-p1.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/Akilci-Ahlak-Neye-Dayanir-p1.webp\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":811},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/\",\"name\":\"The Epoch Times TR\",\"description\":\"De\u011fi\u015fen D\u00fcnyam\u0131za Taze Bir Bak\u0131\u015f\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"The EpochTimes T\u00fcrkiye\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/ET-Logo-YG.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/ET-Logo-YG.jpg\",\"width\":346,\"height\":29,\"caption\":\"The EpochTimes T\u00fcrkiye\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/theepochtimestr\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/TheEpochTimesTR\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/epochtimestr\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#\/schema\/person\/a2a44dd30c7010db169ddfe5d96a9d0b\",\"name\":\"Manolya Serra\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2890c6ee374618796bcd619156557ab3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2890c6ee374618796bcd619156557ab3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Manolya Serra\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/author\/manolya\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Ak\u0131lc\u0131 Ahlak Neye Dayan\u0131r? Ahlak, politika ve yozla\u015fma (1. b\u00f6l\u00fcm) - The Epoch Times TR","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Ak\u0131lc\u0131 Ahlak Neye Dayan\u0131r? Ahlak, politika ve yozla\u015fma (1. b\u00f6l\u00fcm) - The Epoch Times TR","og_description":"Ahlak\u0131n siyaset \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131nda kaybolup gidi\u015fi, bat\u0131 toplumumuzdaki bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi i\u00e7in en \u00e7ok \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131lan \u015feylerden biridir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ki\u015finin Demokrat ya da Cumhuriyet\u00e7i olmas\u0131 do\u011fru ya da yanl\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. O halde bi nevi hakl\u0131 ya da haks\u0131z olmak, Demokrat ya da Cumhuriyet\u00e7i olmakla e\u015f anlaml\u0131 hale geldi! Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, biz […]","og_url":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum","og_site_name":"The Epoch Times TR","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/theepochtimestr","article_published_time":"2023-05-24T19:01:58+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-08-12T08:07:34+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":811,"url":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/Akilci-Ahlak-Neye-Dayanir-p1.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"Manolya Serra","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@TheEpochTimesTR","twitter_site":"@TheEpochTimesTR","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":"Manolya Serra","Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"8 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum"},"author":{"name":"Manolya Serra","@id":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#\/schema\/person\/a2a44dd30c7010db169ddfe5d96a9d0b"},"headline":"Ak\u0131lc\u0131 Ahlak Neye Dayan\u0131r? Ahlak, politika ve yozla\u015fma (1. b\u00f6l\u00fcm)","datePublished":"2023-05-24T19:01:58+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-12T08:07:34+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum"},"wordCount":1825,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/Akilci-Ahlak-Neye-Dayanir-p1.webp","keywords":["#ahlak","#ak\u0131lc\u0131l\u0131k","#politika","#yozla\u015fma"],"articleSection":["ED\u0130T\u00d6R\u00dcN SE\u00c7\u0130M\u0130","Geleneksel De\u011ferler","Man\u015fet"],"inLanguage":"tr"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum","url":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum","name":"Ak\u0131lc\u0131 Ahlak Neye Dayan\u0131r? Ahlak, politika ve yozla\u015fma (1. b\u00f6l\u00fcm) - The Epoch Times TR","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/Akilci-Ahlak-Neye-Dayanir-p1.webp","datePublished":"2023-05-24T19:01:58+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-12T08:07:34+00:00","inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/akilci-ahlak-neye-dayanir-ahlak-politika-ve-yozlasma-1-bolum#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/Akilci-Ahlak-Neye-Dayanir-p1.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/Akilci-Ahlak-Neye-Dayanir-p1.webp","width":1200,"height":811},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/","name":"The Epoch Times TR","description":"De\u011fi\u015fen D\u00fcnyam\u0131za Taze Bir Bak\u0131\u015f","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"tr"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#organization","name":"The EpochTimes T\u00fcrkiye","url":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/ET-Logo-YG.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/ET-Logo-YG.jpg","width":346,"height":29,"caption":"The EpochTimes T\u00fcrkiye"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/theepochtimestr","https:\/\/x.com\/TheEpochTimesTR","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/epochtimestr"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#\/schema\/person\/a2a44dd30c7010db169ddfe5d96a9d0b","name":"Manolya Serra","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2890c6ee374618796bcd619156557ab3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2890c6ee374618796bcd619156557ab3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Manolya Serra"},"url":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/author\/manolya"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145255"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13979"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=145255"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145255\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":145572,"href":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145255\/revisions\/145572"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/145258"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=145255"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=145255"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=145255"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}