{"id":166022,"date":"2026-03-01T16:58:58","date_gmt":"2026-03-01T13:58:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/?p=166022"},"modified":"2026-03-01T16:59:00","modified_gmt":"2026-03-01T13:59:00","slug":"amerika-iran-catismasinin-tarihi-arka-plani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/amerika-iran-catismasinin-tarihi-arka-plani","title":{"rendered":"Amerika-\u0130ran \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n Tarihi Arka Plan\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n siyasi s\u00f6yleminin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biri olan \u201cAmerika\u2019ya \u00f6l\u00fcm\u201d slogan\u0131, 1979 \u0130ran Devrimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, ABD destekli Muhammed R\u0131za Pehlevi monar\u015fisini deviren kitlesel protestolar s\u0131ras\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. Protestocular, ABD\u2019nin \u0130ran siyasetindeki etkisine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6fkelerini ifade etmek i\u00e7in \u201cAmerika\u2019ya \u00f6l\u00fcm\u201d ve \u201c\u015eah\u2019a \u00f6l\u00fcm\u201d gibi sloganlar kulland\u0131lar. Devrimci \u00f6\u011frencilerin 4 Kas\u0131m 1979\u2019da Tahran\u2019daki ABD B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fini ele ge\u00e7irmesinin ard\u0131ndan bu slogan, 444 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren rehine kriziyle yak\u0131ndan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 hale geldi. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda \u0130ranl\u0131 kalabal\u0131klar, b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilik \u00e7evresindeki protestolarda defalarca \u201cAmerika\u2019ya \u00f6l\u00fcm\u201d slogan\u0131 att\u0131lar. Devrimden beri bu slogan, \u0130ran devleti taraf\u0131ndan kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcmlerinde, Cuma namazlar\u0131nda, mitinglerde s\u00f6yleniyor. Hatta bazen devlet onayl\u0131 duvar resimlerinde ve kamu mesajlar\u0131nda da yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fars\u00e7ada \u2018Marg bar\u2019 ifadesi s\u00f6zl\u00fck anlam\u0131yla \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcm\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir. Ancak bir\u00e7ok \u0130ranl\u0131 dilbilimci ve g\u00f6zlemciye g\u00f6re bu ifade siyasi sloganlarda, (\u00f6rne\u011fin \u201cAmerika\u2019ya lanet olsun\u201d) di\u011fer k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerdeki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hakaretlere benzer bir deyim olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek Lider Ayetullah Ali Hamaney de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere \u0130ran liderleri, slogan\u0131n Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc dilemek anlam\u0131na gelmedi\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Bunun yerine ABD politikalar\u0131na, m\u00fcdahalesine ve Tahran\u2019\u0131n \u201ckibir\u201d olarak nitelendirdi\u011fi davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k ifade etti\u011fini defalarca dile getirmi\u015flerdir. Ayr\u0131ca akademisyenler de bu slogan\u0131n, tarihsel sorunlara dayanan anti-emperyalist duygular\u0131 ifade etti\u011fini belirtiyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin 1953\u2019te CIA destekli darbeye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kma, \u015eah\u2019a destek verme, daha sonra ABD\u2019nin yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ve Orta Do\u011fu\u2019ya m\u00fcdahale gibi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7o\u011funlukla \u0130ran\u2019la ili\u015fkilendirilse de benzer sloganlar, Hizbullah ve baz\u0131 Irak milisleri gibi Orta Do\u011fu\u2019daki m\u00fcttefik gruplar ve hareketler taraf\u0131ndan da kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece bu sloganlar, ABD\u2019nin b\u00f6lgedeki askeri eylemlerine kar\u015f\u0131 daha geni\u015f bir anti-Amerikan duyguyu yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Bu slogan, \u0130ran\u2019daki resmi anma t\u00f6renlerinde ve protestolarda, \u00f6rne\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilik bask\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcmlerinde ve di\u011fer devlet taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen etkinliklerde h\u00e2l\u00e2 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bazen ABD veya \u0130srail ile gerginli\u011fin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u0130ran rejiminin muhalifleri, h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 daha geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 protestolar\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak bazen bu slogan\u0131 kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak reddeder veya alaya al\u0131rlar. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmet kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 protestocular\u0131, Tahran y\u00f6netimi ile ilgili memnuniyetsizliklerini ifade etmek i\u00e7in daha \u00e7ok \u201cHamaney\u2019e \u00f6l\u00fcm\u201d veya \u201cDiktat\u00f6re \u00f6l\u00fcm\u201d gibi sloganlar at\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ran, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019ne ve ABD\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanca eylemler, m\u00fcdahaleler ve faaliyetlerde bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130ran devrimcileri 1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tahran\u2019daki ABD B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fini ele ge\u00e7irip 52 Amerikal\u0131 diplomat ve vatanda\u015f\u0131 444 g\u00fcn boyunca rehin ald\u0131ktan sonra, ABD ve \u0130ran resmi diplomatik ili\u015fkilerini kesmi\u015ftir. Bu olay, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturan bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Devrimden bu yana ABD, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 Ter\u00f6rizmi Destekleyen Devlet olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131. Son y\u0131llarda \u00f6zellikle \u0130slam Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131 Ordusu (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps – IRGC) ve ilgili kurulu\u015flar\u0131, ABD g\u00fc\u00e7lerini ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 hedef alan militan vekil g\u00fc\u00e7lere y\u00f6nelik d\u0131\u015f sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u0131\u015fmak ve onlar\u0131 finanse etmekle su\u00e7layarak, Yabanc\u0131 Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fctleri (Foreign Terrorist Organizations – FTO) olarak belirledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ran, ABD g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle do\u011frudan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya girmek yerine, Ortado\u011fu genelinde vekil milisler ve m\u00fcttefik gruplar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla dolayl\u0131 olarak hareket etmi\u015ftir. \u0130ran destekli milisler, \u00f6zellikle 2019-2021 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Irak ve Suriye\u2019deki ABD \u00fcslerine defalarca roket, insans\u0131z hava arac\u0131 ve f\u00fcze sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek ABD personelinin yaralanmas\u0131na ve ABD\u2019nin misilleme sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. \u0130ran destekli gruplar, ABD hava sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Ba\u011fdat da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fehirlerdeki ABD b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7iliklerine sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f veya tehditlerde bulunmu\u015ftur. ABD, Harakat al-Nujaba ve Kata\u2019ib Sayyid al-Shuhada da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere \u0130ran\u2019la ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 birka\u00e7 milis grubunu, ABD g\u00fc\u00e7lerine ve diplomatik g\u00fcvenli\u011fe y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar nedeniyle ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Hizbullah gibi m\u00fcttefik gruplara verdi\u011fi destek, tarihsel olarak ABD \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, L\u00fcbnan ve \u00f6tesinde sald\u0131r\u0131lar ve tehditler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD yetkilileri, IRGC ve devlet istihbarat\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 ki\u015filer de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130ranl\u0131 akt\u00f6rleri, ABD altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 hedef alan siber operasyonlar ve casusluk faaliyetleriyle ili\u015fkilendirdi. Bu faaliyetlere \u00fcniversiteler, devlet kurumlar\u0131 ve i\u015fletmelerin hacklenmesi, yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki muhalifleri g\u00f6zetleme veya sindirme giri\u015fimleri de d\u00e2hildir. ABD Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131ca, ABD topraklar\u0131nda veya ABD d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u0130ranl\u0131 muhalifleri g\u00f6zetleme, sindirme kampanyalar\u0131 ve potansiyel \u015fiddet eylemleri i\u00e7eren \u0130ran komplolar\u0131na ili\u015fkin iddianameler de a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ran devriye botlar\u0131 ve deniz birlikleri, H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131 ve Umman K\u00f6rfezi gibi stratejik deniz sular\u0131nda ABD deniz kuvvetleriyle defalarca \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya girdi. Bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan baz\u0131lar\u0131, ABD ve m\u00fcttefik gemilerinin yak\u0131n\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve gerilimi t\u0131rmand\u0131ran sald\u0131rgan manevralard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u015eubat 2026\u2019da \u0130ran, stratejik H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019nda ger\u00e7ek m\u00fchimmatla tatbikatlar d\u00fczenledi ve hatta bo\u011faz\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak kapatt\u0131. Washington bu hareketi ABD bask\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bir g\u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6sterisi olarak de\u011ferlendirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n ABD etkisine kar\u015f\u0131 koyma stratejisi, silah transferleri, e\u011fitim ve milis a\u011flar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen etki operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir. Tahran ayr\u0131ca, Irak, L\u00fcbnan, Yemen ve Suriye\u2019deki gruplara silah, finansman ve lojistik destek sa\u011flayarak b\u00f6lgesel bir vekil a\u011f kurdu. Bu gruplar genellikle ABD birliklerinin veya \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 t\u0131rmand\u0131r\u0131yor. Bu gruplar, genellikle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olsalar da, ABD yetkililerinin \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n stratejik hedeflerine hizmet etti\u011fi veya ABD eylemlerine misilleme yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fekillerde ABD g\u00fc\u00e7lerine, diplomatik misyonlara ve koalisyon ortaklar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n balistik f\u00fcze geli\u015ftirme \u00e7abalar\u0131 ve potansiyel olarak n\u00fckleer kapasiteye sahip bir program pe\u015finde olmas\u0131, Washington taraf\u0131ndan ABD ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fine bir tehdit olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ve bu durum tekrarlanan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. ABD liderleri kamuoyuna a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 n\u00fckleer silah geli\u015ftirmek, uzun menzilli f\u00fcze \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na yeniden ba\u015flamak veya h\u0131zland\u0131rmakla su\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu da askeri g\u00fc\u00e7lenmeye ve yeni yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara neden oldu. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n f\u00fcze ve n\u00fckleer programlar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ve diplomatik \u00e7\u0131kmazlar, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fcklemeye devam ediyor. Bununla birlikte \u0130ran, sivil n\u00fckleer teknoloji hakk\u0131n\u0131 savunmakta ve f\u00fcze geli\u015ftirme \u00fczerindeki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 reddetmektedir. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n n\u00fckleer program\u0131, ABD yetkililerini endi\u015felendiriyor \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ran, uranyumu silah s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na yak\u0131n seviyelere kadar zenginle\u015ftirdi. Ayr\u0131ca zaman zaman UAEA\u2019n\u0131n izleme eri\u015fimini k\u0131s\u0131tlad\u0131. Buna ek olarak \u201cbomba \u00fcretme s\u00fcresini\u201d (bomba i\u00e7in yeterli b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilir madde \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in gereken s\u00fcre) k\u0131saltan geli\u015fmi\u015f santrif\u00fcj teknolojisine sahip. \u0130ran, n\u00fckleer silahl\u0131 bir d\u00fc\u015fman riski ta\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130ran ve ABD, 1979\u2019dan beri d\u00fc\u015fman \u00fclkelerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD yetkilileri \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n n\u00fckleer silah edinmesi halinde, b\u00f6lgedeki ABD askeri harek\u00e2tlar\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilece\u011fini, Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da konu\u015flanm\u0131\u015f ABD g\u00fc\u00e7lerini do\u011frudan tehdit edebilece\u011fini ve b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesini temelden de\u011fi\u015ftirebilece\u011fini savunuyor. ABD\u2019nin K\u00f6rfez b\u00f6lgesinde, Irak\u2019ta ve \u00e7evresinde on binlerce askeri bulunuyor. ABD liderleri, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n balistik f\u00fcze program\u0131n\u0131 n\u00fckleer kapasiteyle birle\u015ftirebilece\u011fini, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n \u0130srail ve K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerine d\u00fc\u015fman olan b\u00f6lgesel vekil gruplar\u0131 destekledi\u011fini ve n\u00fckleer \u015femsiyenin \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6lgesel faaliyetlerini cesaretlendirebilece\u011fini savunuyor. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n bomba \u00fcretmesi durumunda (Suudi Arabistan da bunu hedefledi\u011fini belirtti), T\u00fcrkiye ve M\u0131s\u0131r n\u00fckleer olmayan stat\u00fclerini yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irebilir ve Orta Do\u011fu \u00e7ok n\u00fckleer bir b\u00f6lge haline gelebilir. Daha fazla n\u00fckleer devlet, yanl\u0131\u015f hesaplanm\u0131\u015f veya kaza sonucu olu\u015facak bir n\u00fckleer sava\u015f riskini art\u0131rabilir. ABD yetkilileri, n\u00fckleer silah geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcresinin haftalara inmesi durumunda, diplomatik se\u00e7eneklerin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve krizin istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ran, y\u0131llar boyunca kendi vatanda\u015flar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bask\u0131c\u0131 ve zorlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nlemler alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/a>. G\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri, bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve reform talep eden \u00f6\u011frenci g\u00f6sterilerini \u015fiddetle bast\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1999 \u00d6\u011frenci Protestolar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan tutuklamalar ve hapis cezalar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Mahmud Ahmedinejad d\u00f6neminde tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7im sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, 2009 Ye\u015fil Hareketi\u2019nde milyonlarca ki\u015fi protesto g\u00f6sterileri d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. \u0130ranl\u0131 yetkililer, ger\u00e7ek mermi kullanm\u0131\u015f, kitlesel tutuklamalar yapm\u0131\u015f, muhalefet liderlerini uzun s\u00fcreli ev hapsine alm\u0131\u015f ve medya haberlerini k\u0131s\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nsan haklar\u0131 gruplar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmleri, i\u015fkence iddialar\u0131n\u0131 ve zorla al\u0131nan itiraflar\u0131 belgelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ranl\u0131 yetkililer, 2019 Yak\u0131t Fiyat\u0131 Protestolar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda internet eri\u015fimini yakla\u015f\u0131k bir hafta boyunca kapatt\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl g\u00fc\u00e7 kulland\u0131. Uluslararas\u0131 Af \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, y\u00fczlerce ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tahmin ediyor. 2022-2023 \u201cKad\u0131n, Ya\u015fam, \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d Protestolar\u0131\u2019nda, Mahsa Amini\u2019nin ahlak polisi taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine yeni protestolar patlak verdi. \u0130ranl\u0131 yetkililer binlerce ki\u015fiyi tutuklad\u0131. Ger\u00e7ek mermi, sa\u00e7ma tabancas\u0131 ve g\u00f6z ya\u015fart\u0131c\u0131 gaz kulland\u0131. Protestolarla ilgili su\u00e7lamalarla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 infazlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. G\u00f6zetim ve k\u0131yafet kurallar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Bir Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler ara\u015ft\u0131rma heyeti, ciddi insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerinin meydana geldi\u011fi sonucuna vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ran\u2019da 28 Aral\u0131k 2025\u2019ten itibaren, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta h\u0131zla y\u00fckselen enflasyon, \u00e7\u00f6ken para birimi ve derin ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar nedeniyle \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda g\u00f6steriler patlak verdi. Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar, ekonomik \u015fik\u00e2yetlerin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek h\u0131zla geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 siyasi protestolara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. G\u00f6stericiler sistemik bir de\u011fi\u015fim talep ederek \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti liderli\u011fini y\u00fcksek sesle ele\u015ftirdiler. Protestolar bir\u00e7ok \u015fehir ve eyalete yay\u0131ld\u0131. Bununla birlikte \u0130ran toplumunun \u00e7e\u015fitli kesimlerini kapsad\u0131: \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 esnaf\u0131, \u00f6\u011frenciler, i\u015f\u00e7iler, kentlerden ve k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerden gelenler. Sloganlar ekonomik taleplerden, do\u011frudan rejim kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 sloganlara do\u011fru geni\u015fledi. Bunlara Y\u00fcksek Lider Ali Hamaney\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar ve R\u0131za Pehlevi gibi isimlere destek de d\u00e2hil oldu. Bu da daha geni\u015f siyasi hedeflerin sinyalini verdi. G\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri ac\u0131mas\u0131z bir g\u00fc\u00e7le kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ocak 2026 ba\u015flar\u0131nda, Rasht ve Fardis gibi yerlerde bir\u00e7ok \u015fehirde may\u0131n ve ger\u00e7ek mermi kullan\u0131ld\u0131, hatta bir\u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00fcm de bildirildi. Kitlesel kay\u0131p tahminleri farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterse de, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z gruplar ve insan haklar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemcileri, binlerce \u00f6l\u00fcm ve y\u00fcz binlerce yaralanma ile bunun, 1979 \u0130slam Devrimi\u2019nden bu yana \u0130ran\u2019daki en \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl ayaklanma oldu\u011funu bildiriyor. \u0130ranl\u0131 yetkililer, 8 Ocak 2026 civar\u0131nda \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda internetin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emretti. Bu, ileti\u015fimi k\u0131s\u0131tlamak ve bask\u0131lar\u0131n belgelenmesini engellemek i\u00e7in s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lan bir taktiktir. Raporlara g\u00f6re, g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131 hedef ald\u0131 ve hasta bak\u0131m\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etti. Silahl\u0131 milisler ve polis, \u00fcniversite kamp\u00fcslerindeki \u00f6\u011frenci protestolar\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirildi. \u0130ran mahkemeleri, \u201cTanr\u0131\u2019ya d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k\u201d gibi su\u00e7lamalarla protestoculara \u00f6l\u00fcm cezalar\u0131 verdi. BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi, siyasi muhalefetle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olas\u0131 infazlar konusunda alarm verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha \u00f6nceki bir\u00e7ok ayaklanma dalgas\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak, 2025-26 protestolar\u0131 belirli konular\u0131n (ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc zorunlulu\u011fu gibi) \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ti. Bunlar sistemik ve potansiyel olarak rejim d\u00fczeyinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik taleplerini de kapsayan geni\u015f siyasi talepleri i\u00e7eriyordu. Bu dalgan\u0131n genel olarak, 2022\u2019de Mahsa Amini\u2019nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lan ve \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n on y\u0131llard\u0131r g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc en yayg\u0131n meydan okuma olan \u201cKad\u0131n, Ya\u015fam, \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d hareketinden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ve daha geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 oldu\u011fu kabul ediliyor. Ye\u015fil Hareket (2009), akaryak\u0131t fiyat\u0131 protestolar\u0131 (2019) ve Mahsa Amini protestolar\u0131 (2022-2023) gibi \u00f6nceki hareketlerin her biri \u00f6nemli bir etkiye sahipti. Ancak hi\u00e7biri bu \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli protestolarla, toplumun bu kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli kesimlerini bir araya getirmedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geni\u015f kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na ra\u011fmen hareket, merkezi bir liderlikten yoksundur ve reformistlerden monar\u015finin yeniden kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 destekleyenlere kadar ideolojik olarak \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6stermektedir. \u0130ran d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, R\u0131za Pehlevi de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere aktivistler ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcndeki muhalifler, \u0130ranl\u0131 protestocular\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda eylem g\u00fcnleri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmu\u015f ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerinde g\u00f6steriler planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ngiltere ve di\u011ferleri de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere yabanc\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, \u0130ran h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin tepkisini k\u0131nam\u0131\u015f ve \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerini ve bask\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 elit kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 hedef alan yeni yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n siyasi s\u00f6yleminin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biri olan \u201cAmerika\u2019ya \u00f6l\u00fcm\u201d slogan\u0131, 1979 \u0130ran Devrimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, ABD destekli Muhammed R\u0131za Pehlevi monar\u015fisini deviren kitlesel protestolar s\u0131ras\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. Protestocular, ABD\u2019nin \u0130ran siyasetindeki etkisine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6fkelerini ifade etmek i\u00e7in \u201cAmerika\u2019ya \u00f6l\u00fcm\u201d ve \u201c\u015eah\u2019a \u00f6l\u00fcm\u201d gibi sloganlar kulland\u0131lar. Devrimci \u00f6\u011frencilerin 4 Kas\u0131m 1979\u2019da Tahran\u2019daki ABD B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fini ele ge\u00e7irmesinin ard\u0131ndan bu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14007,"featured_media":157889,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"ABD - \u0130ran","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"\u0130ran'\u0131n \u201cAmerika\u2019ya \u00f6l\u00fcm\u201d slogan\u0131, ABD destekli Muhammed R\u0131za Pehlevi monar\u015fisini deviren kitlesel protestolar s\u0131ras\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131.","_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":""},"categories":[10520],"tags":[407,276,1086,10919,6851],"yoast_head":"\nAmerika-\u0130ran \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n Tarihi Arka Plan\u0131 - 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