\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n din tarihi, binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k k\u00f6kl\u00fc ve \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe dayan\u0131r. Antik d\u00f6nemde \u0130ran co\u011frafyas\u0131nda en etkili inan\u00e7 sistemi, peygamber Zerd\u00fc\u015ft\u2019\u00fcn \u00f6\u011fretilerine dayanan Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck olmu\u015f ve \u00f6zellikle Ahameni\u015f \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerinde devlet dini olarak benimsenmi\u015ftir. 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130slam fetihleriyle birlikte \u0130ran\u2019da \u0130slam yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, zamanla halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015ftur. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Safevi Devleti \u015eiili\u011fi resm\u00ee mezhep ilan etmi\u015f ve bu durum \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n dini kimli\u011fini kal\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde \u015fekillendirmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u0130ran n\u00fcfusunun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u015eii M\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131r; bunun yan\u0131nda S\u00fcnniler, Hristiyanlar, Yahudiler ve Zerd\u00fc\u015ftler gibi az\u0131nl\u0131k dini topluluklar da varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Neden \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n dini ge\u00e7mi\u015fini irdeledim, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ran halk\u0131 dini y\u00f6netim \u015fekli ile hep tehdit alt\u0131nda oldu, kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkeler gibi\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fini anlamak i\u00e7in Pehlevi d\u00f6neminden ba\u015flamak gerekir. Bu d\u00f6nem, \u00fclkenin h\u0131zla modernle\u015fmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ama ayn\u0131 zamanda d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin etkisinin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi, toplumun tamam\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden bir sistem olmaktan \u00e7ok, merkezi ve bask\u0131c\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya dayan\u0131yordu. Bu durum hem i\u00e7eride huzursuzluk yaratt\u0131 hem de d\u0131\u015f m\u00fcdahalelere zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pehlevi y\u00f6netimi, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve modern bir devlet yapmak istedi. Sanayi yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131, ordu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirildi, e\u011fitim ve hukuk alan\u0131nda laik d\u00fczenlemeler getirildi. Ancak bu de\u011fi\u015fimler halk\u0131n t\u00fcm kesimlerinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi. Kararlar yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya al\u0131nd\u0131. \u00d6zellikle dini \u00e7evreler ve geleneksel kesimler kendilerini d\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015f hissetti. Siyasi muhalefete izin verilmemesi ve g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin sert uygulamalar\u0131, devlet ile halk aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131 zay\u0131flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130ran, b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerin rekabet alan\u0131 h\u00e2line geldi. Petrol kaynaklar\u0131 \u00fclkeyi stratejik olarak \u00e7ok de\u011ferli k\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletler, \u00f6zellikle ABD ve \u0130ngiltere, \u0130ran\u2019da kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na uygun bir y\u00f6netim g\u00f6rmek istiyordu. Petrol\u00fcn mill\u00eele\u015ftirilmesi giri\u015fimi d\u0131\u015f m\u00fcdahaleyle engellendi ve y\u00f6netim yeniden Bat\u0131 yanl\u0131s\u0131 bir \u00e7izgiye oturtuldu. Bu olay, \u0130ran toplumunda \u201c\u00fclkemizin kaderi d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan belirleniyor\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi. Halk\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131, y\u00f6netimin emperyal g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan desteklendi\u011fini ve bu nedenle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z karar alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zamanla ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme olsa da gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 bozuldu. K\u0131rsaldan \u015fehirlere yo\u011fun g\u00f6\u00e7 ya\u015fand\u0131, sosyal adaletsizlik artt\u0131. Y\u00f6netim \u015fekli, halk\u0131n y\u00f6netime kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan bir yap\u0131dayd\u0131. Bu da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir toplumsal tepki birikmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Sonunda geni\u015f halk kitleleri, dini liderlerin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde monar\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 birle\u015fti ve sistem k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015fti. B\u00f6ylece \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yeni y\u00f6netim, Bat\u0131 etkisinden kurtulmay\u0131 ve tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedefledi. Ancak bu kez de farkl\u0131 bir g\u00fc\u00e7 yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Dini liderli\u011fe dayal\u0131 sistem, halk\u0131n se\u00e7ti\u011fi kurumlarla birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa da nihai otorite se\u00e7ilmi\u015f siyaset\u00e7ilerde de\u011fil, dini liderlik makam\u0131nda topland\u0131. Bu yap\u0131, farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin sistem i\u00e7inde rahat\u00e7a temsil edilmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f olsa da g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezile\u015fmesi devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Devrimden k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra sava\u015f ba\u015flad\u0131. Sava\u015f\u0131n temel sebebi yaln\u0131zca s\u0131n\u0131r anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildi. Devrim sonras\u0131 \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, kom\u015fu \u00fclkenin bunu f\u0131rsat olarak g\u00f6rmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca devrimin b\u00f6lgeye yay\u0131lmas\u0131ndan korkan baz\u0131 \u00fclkeler, \u0130ran\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 denge kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Bu nedenle sava\u015f sadece iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda de\u011fil, dolayl\u0131 olarak b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin de d\u00e2hil oldu\u011fu bir m\u00fccadeleye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Sava\u015f y\u0131llarca s\u00fcrd\u00fc, y\u00fcz binlerce insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti ve iki \u00fclke de b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sava\u015f\u0131n sonucunda s\u0131n\u0131rlar b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fmedi. Ancak \u0130ran\u2019da rejim daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendi. \u201cD\u0131\u015f tehdit\u201d alg\u0131s\u0131, i\u00e7erde birlik olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131. G\u00fcvenlik politikalar\u0131 \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ekonomi ise sava\u015f\u0131n ve sonras\u0131nda uygulanan yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n etkisiyle zorland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelindi\u011finde, \u0130ran h\u00e2l\u00e2 d\u0131\u015f bask\u0131lar, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ve b\u00f6lgesel gerilimlerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7ler enerji yollar\u0131, n\u00fckleer program ve b\u00f6lgesel n\u00fcfuz nedeniyle \u0130ran \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u0130ran da \u00e7evresindeki \u00fclkelerde etkisini art\u0131rarak kendine bir g\u00fcvenlik ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum zaman zaman vek\u00e2let sava\u015flar\u0131na ve diplomatik krizlere yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 hem monar\u015fi d\u00f6nemi hem de sonras\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131labilir. Pehlevi d\u00f6neminde sorun, halk\u0131n yeterince s\u00f6z sahibi olmamas\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015f deste\u011fe dayal\u0131 bir iktidar alg\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Devrim sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ise sorun, g\u00fcc\u00fcn dar bir merkezde toplanmas\u0131 ve farkl\u0131 fikirlerin sistem i\u00e7inde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 alan bulabilmesidir. Her iki d\u00f6nemde de kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131, \u015feffaf ve hesap verebilir bir y\u00f6netim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn tam olarak yerle\u015fememesi \u00fclkenin siyasi istikrar\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gelecekte olas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar birka\u00e7 y\u00f6nde geli\u015febilirdi. E\u011fer i\u00e7 reformlar g\u00fc\u00e7lenir, ekonomi toparlan\u0131r ve d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkilerde denge sa\u011flan\u0131rsa \u00fclke daha istikrarl\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya kavu\u015fabilirdi. Ancak d\u0131\u015f bask\u0131lar artar, ekonomik sorunlar derinle\u015fir ve i\u00e7 gerilimler \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmezse yeni krizler ya\u015fanabilirdi. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n kaderini belirleyecek temel unsur, hem i\u00e7eride halk\u0131n y\u00f6netime kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 hem de d\u0131\u015f m\u00fcdahalelere kar\u015f\u0131 daha dengeli ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir politika izlenmesiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n yak\u0131n tarihi, modernle\u015fme \u00e7abalar\u0131, d\u0131\u015f m\u00fcdahaleler, y\u00f6netim krizleri ve uzun bir sava\u015f\u0131n etkisiyle \u015fekillenmi\u015fti. \u00dclke bug\u00fcne kadar h\u00e2l\u00e2 ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki bu k\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n izlerini ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131… Kal\u0131c\u0131 istikrar ise g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ama ayn\u0131 zamanda halk\u0131yla uyumlu ve d\u0131\u015f bask\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 dengeli bir y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilirdi. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar acil yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenlerdi. Gelinen durum vahim. Sava\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Umudumuz bu kaos ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sava\u015f durumunun uzun s\u00fcrmemesi ve kom\u015fumuz \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n bir an evvel yaralar\u0131n\u0131 sarmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131d\u0131r. Lakin mevcut y\u00f6netimle de\u011fil. \u0130ran halk\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcr iradesi ve ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar ge\u00e7erli olur. Cumhuriyet y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7er. E\u011fer bu olmaz, eski y\u00f6netimde \u0131srar edilirse daha vahim sonu\u00e7larla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Veya, emperyallerin g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcnde bir y\u00f6netim gelirse bu seferde, kadim \u0130ran halk\u0131 ve binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k medeniyet, yeralt\u0131 zenginlikleri tehlikede olur. Co\u011frafya kader mi? Hay\u0131r, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00fczeni kalkarsa, Co\u011frafya kader olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar ve halklar\u0131n karde\u015fli\u011fi ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrer insanlar…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n din tarihi, binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k k\u00f6kl\u00fc ve \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe dayan\u0131r. Antik d\u00f6nemde \u0130ran co\u011frafyas\u0131nda en etkili inan\u00e7 sistemi, peygamber Zerd\u00fc\u015ft\u2019\u00fcn \u00f6\u011fretilerine dayanan Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck olmu\u015f ve \u00f6zellikle Ahameni\u015f \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerinde devlet dini olarak benimsenmi\u015ftir. 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130slam fetihleriyle birlikte \u0130ran\u2019da \u0130slam yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, zamanla halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015ftur. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Safevi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14005,"featured_media":163897,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"\u0130ran halk\u0131","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Neden \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n dini ge\u00e7mi\u015fini irdeledim, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ran halk\u0131 dini y\u00f6netim \u015fekli ile hep tehdit alt\u0131nda oldu, kullan\u0131ld\u0131.","_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":""},"categories":[10057],"tags":[10956],"yoast_head":"\n