{"id":46541,"date":"2011-09-18T15:45:14","date_gmt":"2011-09-18T12:45:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.epochtimestr.com\/?p=46541"},"modified":"2013-03-29T12:10:23","modified_gmt":"2013-03-29T09:10:23","slug":"albert-schweitzer-yasama-saygi-felsefesinin-kurucusu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/albert-schweitzer-yasama-saygi-felsefesinin-kurucusu","title":{"rendered":"Albert Schweitzer – Ya\u015fama Sayg\u0131 Felsefesinin Kurucusu"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Albert Schweitzer<\/strong> (d. 14 Ocak 1875 – \u00f6.4 Eyl\u00fcl 1965), 1952 Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc sahibi Alman humaniter doktor, filozof, m\u00fczisyen, teolog, hayvansever ve anti-n\u00fckleer aktivistti.<\/p>\n

Schweitzer, felsefe ve teoloji doktoralar\u0131ndan sonra Afrika’da doktorluk yapma amac\u0131yla 30 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra t\u0131p tahsili yapt\u0131; Gabon’da bir hastane kurdu ve ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6re halk\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na adad\u0131. Geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi “ya\u015fama sayg\u0131 felsefesi” ile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u00e7evreci ve hayvansever hareketlerin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc kabul edilir.<\/p>\n

Albert Schweitzer, o d\u00f6nemlerde Almanya’n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise Fransa’n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Alsace’da (Alsas), bir papaz\u0131n o\u011flu olarak d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Schweitzer, Jean-Paul Sartre’in annesinin kuzenidir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015ftan itibaren orga kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck tutkusu ve yetene\u011fi vard\u0131, Avrupa’n\u0131n en iyi orgcular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan e\u011fitildi; zamanla org yap\u0131m\u0131 konusunda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en iyi uzmanlar\u0131ndan birisi oldu.<\/p>\n

1893’te Strasbourg \u00dcniversitesi’nde felsefe \u00f6\u011frenimine ba\u015flad\u0131 ve 1899’da doktoras\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Strasbug’daki St. Nicholas Kilisesi’nde din g\u00f6revlisi olarak atand\u0131. Ertesi y\u0131l teolojide doktoras\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli dini okullarda y\u00f6neticilik yapt\u0131. 29 ya\u015f\u0131na geldi\u011finde biri teoloji alan\u0131nda, bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 Kant hakk\u0131nda ve bir di\u011feri Bach’\u0131n ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc hakk\u0131nda olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 kitap yazarak m\u00fczik, din ve felsefe alanlar\u0131nda de\u011ferli katk\u0131larda bulunmu\u015ftu; ayr\u0131ca org yap\u0131m\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da eserler verdi.<\/p>\n

Hep insanl\u0131\u011fa do\u011frudan hizmet etmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir istek duyan Schweitzer, 1904’te tesad\u00fcfen Paris Misyoner Toplulu\u011fu’nun yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir dergide Frans\u0131z kolonisi Gabon’da \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak doktor arand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 okudu. Bu ilan \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma onu, “beyaz adam\u0131n” “siyah adama” yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckler ve haks\u0131zl\u0131klar \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye sevk etti. Uzun s\u00fcredir kendini adayaca\u011f\u0131 bir insanl\u0131k hizmeti ar\u0131yordu. Yetimhane kurma ve benzeri giri\u015fimleri b\u00fcrokratik engeller y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fememi\u015fti. Misyoner \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara hi\u00e7bir zaman ilgi duymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131; Afrikal\u0131lara vaaz vermeye niyeti yoktu ancak doktorluk yaparak beyaz adam\u0131n onlara verdi\u011fi zarar\u0131 telafi etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilirdi. Afrika, o y\u0131llarda kara k\u0131ta olarak an\u0131l\u0131yordu; Avrupa’dan Afrika’ya gitme y\u00fcreklili\u011fini g\u00f6steren ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ve misyonerlerin \u00e7o\u011fu orada hastalanarak ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitiriyordu. Buna ra\u011fmen Avrupa’daki konforlu ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 terkederek Afrika’da doktorluk yapmaya karar verdi. 1905’te dostlar\u0131na ve akrabalar\u0131na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektuplarda t\u0131p e\u011fitimi almaya ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve istikamatinin Afrika oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin nedenini ise art\u0131k elleriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 arzulamas\u0131, y\u0131llard\u0131r kelimelerle u\u011fra\u015fmaktan ve sevgi dininden bahsetmekten b\u0131km\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, art\u0131k onu uygulamaya ge\u00e7irmek iste\u011fi olarak a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yordu. \u00c7evresi onun bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerine olumsuz tepki verdi. Kendisini anlayan ve destek olan tek ki\u015fi o y\u0131llarda yak\u0131n bir arkada\u015f\u0131 olan Helen Bresslau idi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm itirazlara ve tepkilere ra\u011fmen Schweitzer 30 ya\u015f\u0131nda t\u0131p e\u011fitimine ba\u015flad\u0131; 38 ya\u015f\u0131nda e\u011fitimini tamamlad\u0131. Ne var ki t\u00fcm hayat\u0131n\u0131 Paris Misyoner Toplulu\u011fu’nun ilan\u0131ndaki ihtiyaca cevap vermek \u00fczere yeniden d\u00fczenlediyse de g\u00f6reve talip oldu\u011funda geri \u00e7evrildi. Geri \u00e7evrilmesinin nedeni, onu bu g\u00f6reve alman\u0131n Misyoner Toplulu\u011fu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Afrika’ya gitmek isteyecek ve yerlilerin kafas\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak ba\u015fka liberaller ve radikal ki\u015filere \u00f6rnek olmas\u0131ndan duyduklar\u0131 kayg\u0131 idi. Topluluk, bu gerek\u00e7e ile ona madd\u00ee destek olmay\u0131 reddetti. Bu tav\u0131r, Schweitzer’i y\u0131ld\u0131rmad\u0131. Bu sefer \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu g\u00f6reve talip olan bir doktor olarak de\u011fil de, kendi kaynaklar\u0131 ile profesyonel hizmetlerini sunan bir doktor olarak yeniden ba\u015fvurmay\u0131 planlad\u0131. 1912’de Schweitzer ile evlenen, hem\u015fire olarak kendini yeti\u015ftiren Helen Bresslau, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak ona e\u015flik edecek; hastane kurmak i\u00e7in gelir sa\u011flama kampanyas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecek ve ilk 2 y\u0131l t\u00fcm masraflar\u0131 \u00fcstlenecekti. Yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n listesini yapt\u0131lar. E\u011fer para toplayabilirlerse, topluluk kendilerine hi\u00e7bir masraf getirmeyecek projeleri i\u00e7in onlar\u0131 reddedemeyecekti. Sekiz y\u0131l seyahat haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ge\u00e7ti. \u00dcniversitedeki g\u00f6revini b\u0131rakt\u0131. Uzun d\u00f6nemli konser anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 iptal etti. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir arkada\u015f grubunun deste\u011fi ile haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Sonunda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n kesinlikle toplulu\u011fun misyonuna zarar vermeyece\u011fini kabul ettirebildi. 1913’te Gabon’daki Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9’de bir hastane kurmak \u00fczere e\u015fi ile beraber yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ift, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri vermeye bir tavuk k\u00fcmesinde ba\u015flad\u0131, zamanla yeni binalar yapt\u0131. Hastane y\u00fczlerce hastaya hizmet verir hale geldi. Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9’e geli\u015flerinden\u00a0bir y\u0131l sonra I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. Almanya vatanda\u015f\u0131 olarak bu Frans\u0131z kolonisinde d\u00fc\u015fman kabul edilmekteydiler. Sava\u015f esiri olarak Fransa’ya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler. G\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckleri yer \u00fclkenin g\u00fcneyinde, bir zamanlar ak\u0131l hastanesi olarak kullan\u0131lan ve ressam Van Gogh’un da intihar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce 4 y\u0131l kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir mekand\u0131.<\/p>\n

Schwe\u0131tzer ve e\u015fi 1918’de Alsace’a d\u00f6nebildiler ve 1919’un ba\u015f\u0131nda k\u0131zlar\u0131 Rhena do\u011fdu. Alsace’da Schweitzer’in annesi, birlikte b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc pek \u00e7ok gen\u00e7 \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, her yer yak\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131lmu\u015ft\u0131. Kar\u0131-koca Schwetzer’in ikisinin de sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bozuktu; bir zamanlar y\u0131ld\u0131z \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi ve \u00f6\u011frenci oldu\u011fu Strausbourg \u00dcniversitesi’nde Schweitzer’i hat\u0131rlayan yoktu ve madd\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131dan zor durumdayd\u0131lar. Ne var ki \u0130sve\u00e7’te Uppsala \u00dcniversitesi’nde onu hat\u0131rlayan birisi \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve 1920’de ders vermek i\u00e7in ailesi ile birlikte \u0130sve\u00e7’e gelmek \u00fczere bir davet ald\u0131. Orada, 1915’te geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi ya\u015fama sayg\u0131 felsefesi <\/strong>hakk\u0131nda ilk defa resmi konu\u015fma yapt\u0131. “\u0130nsan\u0131n ahlak\u0131 insanla bitmemeli, evrene yay\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r; bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck hayat zincirinin yeniden fark\u0131na varmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcm varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir de\u011feri oldu\u011funu anlamal\u0131d\u0131r. Hayat, bencil veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesizce hareketler nedeniyle yok edilemeyece\u011fi gibi daha y\u00fcce bir de\u011fer veya ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in de feda edilemez.”<\/p>\n

\u0130sve\u00e7’te Afrika deneyimlerini anlatan bir konu\u015fma turu yapmak teklifi almas\u0131 \u00fczerine bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deyebildi ve bu konuda bir kitap yazarak Afrika’ya yeniden d\u00f6necek paray\u0131 kazand\u0131. Fakat 1924’te Afrika’ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu iyi olmayan e\u015fi ile k\u0131z\u0131 ona e\u015flik edemediler, ancak s\u0131k yaz\u0131\u015fmalarla ili\u015fkilerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebildiler. \u00c7ocuklu\u011funda babas\u0131n\u0131 pek az g\u00f6rebilen Rhena, b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp kendi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 oldu\u011funda onlarla birlikte Afrika’ya gitti ve hastanenin laboratuvar\u0131nda babas\u0131 ile birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Rhena, babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra da hastanenin y\u00f6netimini \u00fcstlendi. Hastanede g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Amerikal\u0131 doktor David Miller ile evlendi ve 1997’de \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar Georgia k\u0131rsal\u0131nda onunla ya\u015fad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Dr. Schweitzer’in \u00fcn\u00fc y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve pek \u00e7ok gazeteci ve merakl\u0131 onun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9’e gitmi\u015flerdi. Ziyaret\u00e7ilere herkesin kendi Lamba\u00e9n\u00e9’sini bulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi\u011fi rivayet edilir. Dr. Schweitzer, 1953 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1952 Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc ald\u0131. \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc ald\u0131ktan sonra, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc politikadan uzakta ge\u00e7irmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ysa da n\u00fckleer silahlanma ve Hiro\u015fima vr Nagazaki’nin bombalanma olaylar\u0131ndan duydu\u011fu rahats\u0131zl\u0131k onu bu konuyu ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n da te\u015fviki ile 1957 Bilin\u00e7 Deklarasyonu adl\u0131 d\u00fcnyaca ilgi g\u00f6ren deklarasyonunu yay\u0131nlamaya y\u00f6neltti. 1958’de ise “Bar\u0131\u015f m\u0131 yoksa Atom Sava\u015f\u0131 m\u0131?” adl\u0131 bir kitap yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Dr. Schweitzer 1965’te 90 ya\u015f\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011finde hastanenin bah\u00e7esine g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc. \u00d6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde hastanesi 72 binal\u0131, 600 yatakl\u0131, 6 doktor ve 35 hem\u015fireli bir hastane olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Albert Schweitzer (d. 14 Ocak 1875 – \u00f6.4 Eyl\u00fcl 1965), 1952 Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc sahibi Alman humaniter doktor, filozof, m\u00fczisyen, teolog, hayvansever ve anti-n\u00fckleer aktivistti. Schweitzer, felsefe ve teoloji doktoralar\u0131ndan sonra Afrika’da doktorluk yapma amac\u0131yla 30 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra t\u0131p tahsili yapt\u0131; Gabon’da bir hastane kurdu ve ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6re halk\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na adad\u0131. Geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi “ya\u015fama sayg\u0131 felsefesi” […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":""},"categories":[2610],"tags":[2766,2767],"yoast_head":"\nAlbert Schweitzer - Ya\u015fama Sayg\u0131 Felsefesinin Kurucusu - The Epoch Times TR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/albert-schweitzer-yasama-saygi-felsefesinin-kurucusu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Albert Schweitzer - Ya\u015fama Sayg\u0131 Felsefesinin Kurucusu - The Epoch Times TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Albert Schweitzer (d. 14 Ocak 1875 – \u00f6.4 Eyl\u00fcl 1965), 1952 Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc sahibi Alman humaniter doktor, filozof, m\u00fczisyen, teolog, hayvansever ve anti-n\u00fckleer aktivistti. Schweitzer, felsefe ve teoloji doktoralar\u0131ndan sonra Afrika’da doktorluk yapma amac\u0131yla 30 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra t\u0131p tahsili yapt\u0131; Gabon’da bir hastane kurdu ve ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6re halk\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na adad\u0131. 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Ya\u015fama Sayg\u0131 Felsefesinin Kurucusu - The Epoch Times TR","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/albert-schweitzer-yasama-saygi-felsefesinin-kurucusu","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Albert Schweitzer - Ya\u015fama Sayg\u0131 Felsefesinin Kurucusu - The Epoch Times TR","og_description":"Albert Schweitzer (d. 14 Ocak 1875 – \u00f6.4 Eyl\u00fcl 1965), 1952 Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc sahibi Alman humaniter doktor, filozof, m\u00fczisyen, teolog, hayvansever ve anti-n\u00fckleer aktivistti. Schweitzer, felsefe ve teoloji doktoralar\u0131ndan sonra Afrika’da doktorluk yapma amac\u0131yla 30 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra t\u0131p tahsili yapt\u0131; Gabon’da bir hastane kurdu ve ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6re halk\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na adad\u0131. 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