{"id":48031,"date":"2011-10-14T10:30:17","date_gmt":"2011-10-14T07:30:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.epochtimestr.com\/?p=48031"},"modified":"2011-10-19T10:43:12","modified_gmt":"2011-10-19T07:43:12","slug":"yenilenebilir-enerji-kaynaklari-nelerdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/yenilenebilir-enerji-kaynaklari-nelerdir","title":{"rendered":"Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklar\u0131 Nelerdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde k\u00fcresel enerjinin y\u00fczde 80\u2019i fosil yak\u0131tlardan elde ediliyor. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrol ve do\u011falgaz gibi fosil yak\u0131tlara olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmada en kritik rol\u00fc \u00fcstlenmektedir. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n neler oldu\u011funu biliyor musunuz?<\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f Enerjisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi teknolojileri g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 direk olarak toplay\u0131p bu \u0131\u015f\u0131nlarda \u0131s\u0131 veya elektrik \u00fcretimini sa\u011flamaktad\u0131rlar. Bu enerjinin kayna\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcne\u015f y\u00fczeyindeki hidrojenin helyuma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen f\u00fczyon reaksiyonlar\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fcnya atmosferinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinin \u015fiddeti, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 sabit ve 1370 W\/m\u00b2 de\u011ferindedir, ancak yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde 0-1100 W\/m2 de\u011ferleri aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6sterir.\u00a0 G\u00fcne\u015ften D\u00fcnya\u2019ya ula\u015fan enerjinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zelli\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi \u0131\u015f\u0131k, \u0131s\u0131 ve elektrik \u015feklinde de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Fotovoltaik (PV) sistemler g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisini direk olarak elektri\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmektedir ve bina \u00e7at\u0131lar\u0131na, cihazlara, arabalara yerle\u015ftirilebilir. Yek-odakl\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi santralleri ayna ve lens d\u00fczenekleri ile g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 nispeten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir alana yans\u0131tma esas\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alanda odakland\u0131r\u0131lan enerji su \u0131s\u0131tmas\u0131 veya buhar trib\u00fcn\u00fc vas\u0131tas\u0131yla elektrik veya \u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. \u00dclkemizde \u00e7ok\u00e7a kullan\u0131lan solar termal kolekt\u00f6rler su \u0131s\u0131tmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi T\u00fcrkiye gibi \u00e7ok g\u00fcne\u015f alan \u00fclkelerde \u00f6nemli bir enerji alternatifidir. Bu teknoloji \u00f6zellikle k\u0131rsal alanda \u015febeke d\u0131\u015f\u0131 elektrik \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu teknolojinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck dezavantaj\u0131 gece \u00fcretim yap\u0131lamamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

R\u00fczg\u00e2r Enerjisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

R\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi, g\u00fcne\u015f radyasyonunun yery\u00fczeylerini farkl\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. Yer y\u00fczeylerinin farkl\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131, havan\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, neminin ve bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131na, bu farkl\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 da havan\u0131n hareketine neden olur. R\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisinden elektrik \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in r\u00fczg\u00e2r trib\u00fcnleri, mekanik enerji yaratmak i\u00e7in yel de\u011firmenleri veya kuyu pompalama i\u00e7in r\u00fczg\u00e2r pompalar\u0131 veya gemileri y\u00fcr\u00fctmek yelkenler kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

R\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n elektrik ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n %2\u2019sini kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r. R\u00fczg\u00e2r trib\u00fcn\u00fc teknolojilerinin di\u011fer elektrik \u00fcretimi teknikleriyle k\u0131yasla \u00e7evreye zararl\u0131 etkisi \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. Karada kurulan r\u00fczg\u00e2r santrallerinde tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k devam ettirilebilmektedir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda r\u00fczg\u00e2r santralleri fosil kaynakl\u0131 santralleri gibi so\u011futma suyuna ihtiya\u00e7 duymamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Jeotermal Enerji<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jeotermal enerjinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 insanl\u0131k tarihinde \u00e7ok eskilere dayanmaktad\u0131r. Antik Romal\u0131lar ve \u00c7inliler M.\u00d6. 1500\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda do\u011fal jeotermal kaynaklar\u0131 banyo, \u0131s\u0131nma ve pi\u015firme ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu enerji kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck potansiyeli g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yeniden ke\u015ffedilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nJeotermal enerji yerkabu\u011funda biriken termal enerjiye verilen isimdir. Is\u0131 veya elektrik \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in yer alt\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli derinliklerinde birikmi\u015f \u0131s\u0131dan, kimyasallar i\u00e7eren s\u0131cak sudan, buhar ve gazlardan faydalan\u0131l\u0131r. Is\u0131 seviyesi yeteri kadar y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funda jeotermal enerji elektrik \u00fcretimi ve end\u00fcstri i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek derecede su \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. G\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczg\u00e2rdan farkl\u0131 olarak jeotermal enerji devaml\u0131 elektrik sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n

Hidroelektrik<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hidroelektrik santralleri suyun bulundu\u011fu iki nokta aras\u0131ndaki potansiyel enerji fark\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak elektrik enerji \u00fcretir. Barajda biriken su belli bir y\u00fckseklikten a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r ve mekanik enerjiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Bu mekanik enerji trib\u00fcn \u00e7arklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evirir ve jenerat\u00f6r motoru vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile elektrik enerjisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Hidroelektrik \u015fu anda D\u00fcnya\u2019daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck yenilenebilir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r ve d\u00fcnya elektrik ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse be\u015fte birini kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hidroelektrik santralleri barajl\u0131 veya nehir tipi olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Baraj tipi santraller suyu depolarken nehir tipi santraller akan suyun kinetik enerjisi kullan\u0131rlar.
\nBarajl\u0131 santraller hacim, su kalitesi ve ak\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek; jeomorfolojik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerle do\u011fal hayat\u0131n d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde besin ve tortu ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlayarak nehir sistemlerini tahrip etmektedir. Barajlar\u0131n son derece \u00f6nemli sosyal etkileri vard\u0131r; \u015fu ana kadar 40-80 milyon insan\u0131n ya\u015fam alan\u0131 barajlar\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f ve yeni yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgede b\u00fcy\u00fck baraj projelerine yerel halk taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca b\u00fcy\u00fck barajlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu baraj g\u00f6lleri ekolojik dengeyi bozabilmekte, organik maddelerin g\u00f6l taban\u0131nda birikmesi ile istenmeyen metan olu\u015fumuna sebep olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Nehir tipi santrallerde elektrik \u00fcretimi akarsuyun ak\u0131m \u00f6zellikleri ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r ve bundan dolay\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta \u00e7apl\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Suyun ak\u0131\u015f kanal\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmemesi halinde bu santrallerin do\u011faya zarar\u0131 azd\u0131r. Fakat bir akarsu \u00fczerine akarsuyun kapasitesinin \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcnde nehir tipi hidroelektrik santrali kurulmas\u0131 halinde nehrin alt katmanlar\u0131nda su kalmayacak ve ekolojik denge bozulacakt\u0131r. Nehir tipi santraller projelendirilirken akarsu havzas\u0131n\u0131n ekolojik \u00f6zellikleri detayl\u0131 \u015fekilde et\u00fct edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Biyoenerji<\/strong><\/p>\n

Biyok\u00fctle, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde ve biyosferde organik \u00fcretimde bulunmak i\u00e7in karbondioksit, su ve g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi kullanan bitkilerin toplam\u0131d\u0131r. Biyoenerji, s\u0131v\u0131 biyoyak\u0131t (genellikle enerji zengini \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden elde edilen), at\u0131k (evsel at\u0131klar d\u00e2hil), kat\u0131 biyok\u00fctle (odun, odun k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve di\u011fer biyok\u00fctle maddeleri) veya gaz (biyok\u00fctle \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmelerinden elde edilen) formlar\u0131nda biyok\u00fctleden elde edilir. Teorik olarak enerji \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bitkilerin yeniden yeti\u015ftirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu nedenle biyok\u00fctle yenilenebilir bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel olarak, biyok\u00fctle \u015fu anda biyoenerjinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 46 EJ\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Bu pay\u0131n i\u00e7inde, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde t\u00fcketilen geleneksel biyok\u00fctle miktar\u0131 kesin olmasa da, k\u00fcresel birincil enerji kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n %10\u2019unun \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir.\u201d Biyok\u00fctle uygulamalar\u0131, yoksul \u00fclkelerde geleneksel biyok\u00fctle kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan (a\u00e7\u0131k ate\u015fte yemek pi\u015firmek gibi) y\u00fcksek verimli elektrik ve \u0131s\u0131 ya da ula\u015f\u0131m yak\u0131tlar\u0131 elde etmeye kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck farl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Biyoenerji \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin kontrols\u00fcz geli\u015fimi, insanlar ve \u00e7evre \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck etkiler yaratabilir. Hammaddelerin hangilerinin, nerede ve nas\u0131l \u00fcretildi\u011fi ve i\u015flendi\u011fi, biyoenerji projelerinin \u00e7evresel ve sosyal olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyecektir.<\/p>\n

Okyanus Enerjisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yeni geli\u015fen teknolojilerden biri denizlerde ve okyanuslarda ki dalga ve gel-git olaylar\u0131ndan yaralanarak enerji \u00fcretilmesidir. Bu teknolojilerdeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun bu potansiyelin elektrik enerjisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesidir. D\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde bu potansiyelin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in pilot projeler ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gelecekte bu projeler planlan\u0131rken yerel k\u0131y\u0131 ekolojisi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131, gemicilik, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k gibi sekt\u00f6rlerin nas\u0131l etkilenece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Haberin Kayna\u011f\u0131 : WWF T\u00fcrkiye<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde k\u00fcresel enerjinin y\u00fczde 80\u2019i fosil yak\u0131tlardan elde ediliyor. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrol ve do\u011falgaz gibi fosil yak\u0131tlara olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmada en kritik rol\u00fc \u00fcstlenmektedir. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n neler oldu\u011funu biliyor musunuz? G\u00fcne\u015f Enerjisi G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi teknolojileri g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 direk olarak toplay\u0131p bu \u0131\u015f\u0131nlarda \u0131s\u0131 veya elektrik \u00fcretimini sa\u011flamaktad\u0131rlar. Bu enerjinin kayna\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcne\u015f y\u00fczeyindeki […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":48032,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":""},"categories":[2882,519],"tags":[3081,3084,3083,3085,3082,681,3080],"yoast_head":"\nYenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklar\u0131 Nelerdir? - The Epoch Times TR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/yenilenebilir-enerji-kaynaklari-nelerdir\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklar\u0131 Nelerdir? - The Epoch Times TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde k\u00fcresel enerjinin y\u00fczde 80\u2019i fosil yak\u0131tlardan elde ediliyor. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrol ve do\u011falgaz gibi fosil yak\u0131tlara olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmada en kritik rol\u00fc \u00fcstlenmektedir. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n neler oldu\u011funu biliyor musunuz? G\u00fcne\u015f Enerjisi G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi teknolojileri g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 direk olarak toplay\u0131p bu \u0131\u015f\u0131nlarda \u0131s\u0131 veya elektrik \u00fcretimini sa\u011flamaktad\u0131rlar. 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