{"id":48139,"date":"2011-10-14T15:20:32","date_gmt":"2011-10-14T12:20:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.epochtimestr.com\/?p=48139"},"modified":"2013-03-29T12:10:14","modified_gmt":"2013-03-29T09:10:14","slug":"tum-zamanlarin-sairi-ve-oyun-yazari-william-shakespeare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/tum-zamanlarin-sairi-ve-oyun-yazari-william-shakespeare","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcm Zamanlar\u0131n \u015eairi ve Oyun Yazar\u0131 William Shakespeare"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
\u0130ngiliz \u015fair ve oyun yazar\u0131 William Shakespeare\/Vikipedi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En b\u00fcy\u00fck oyun yazarlar\u0131ndan biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilen \u0130ngiliz \u015fair William Shakespeare, yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 karakterlerde insan do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n en de\u011fi\u015fmez \u00f6zelliklerini benzersiz bir \u015fiir diliyle yans\u0131tmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131ldan bu yana her \u00e7a\u011fda ve her \u00fclkede en s\u0131k sahnelenen oyunlar\u0131n yazar\u0131d\u0131r. 1564 y\u0131l\u0131nda Warwickshireda Stratford-upon-Avon’da do\u011fan Shakespeare’in bunca \u00fcn\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131n, hayat\u0131na ili\u015fkin kesin belge ve bilgiler \u00e7ok azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Babas\u0131 ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fan bir i\u015fadam\u0131yd\u0131. R\u00f6nesans \u015fairlerinden olan Shakespeare; b\u00fcy\u00fck bir olas\u0131l\u0131kla Stratford’daki ortaokulda \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rd\u00fc. 18 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken, kendisinden yakla\u015f\u0131k sekiz ya\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck olan Anne Hathaway ile evlendi ve bu evlilikten \u00f6nce bir k\u0131z\u0131, sonra biri o\u011flan \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fc k\u0131z ikizler d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Bu s\u0131ralarda Stratford’u terk eden Shakespeare’in, bundan sonra 1592’ye kadar ya\u015fam\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilgi yoktur. Bu tarihte bir oyun yazar\u0131n\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kitap\u00e7\u0131kta Shakespeare\u2019e de\u011finilmesi, hatta onun ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n oyunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7almakla su\u00e7lamas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Shakespeare’in bu s\u0131rada bir tiyatro toplulu\u011funda yazar ve oyuncu olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Y\u0131lda ortalama iki oyun yazan Shakespeare, kendi oyunlar\u0131nda da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck roller al\u0131yordu. 1594\u2019e gelindi\u011finde, Chamberlain Toplulu\u011fu’nun \u00f6nde gelen bir oyuncusuydu. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l oyunlar\u0131 yay\u0131mlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. D\u00f6neminin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklerini ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 oyunlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine kazanc\u0131 gittik\u00e7e artan Shakespeare’in, Krali\u00e7e I. Elizabeth d\u00f6neminin sonlar\u0131nda varl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kendi oyuncu toplulu\u011fu i\u00e7in 1599’da Londra’da yapt\u0131r\u0131lan Globe Tiyatrosu\u2019nun hisselerinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

Londra’da birka\u00e7 y\u0131l daha kalan Shakespeare, daha sonra Stratford’a d\u00f6nerek burada ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir olas\u0131l\u0131kla son oyunlar\u0131n\u0131 da burada yazd\u0131. Shakespeare’in, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc soylu bir genci \u00f6ven, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de bir kad\u0131na duydu\u011fu sevgiyi dile getiren Soneler’i son derece duyarl\u0131 ve zengin bir dille kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u015fiirlerdir.<\/p>\n

Sone 1<\/p>\n

Artmas\u0131n\u0131 isteriz en g\u00fczel varl\u0131klar\u0131n
\nG\u00fczelli\u011fin g\u00fcl y\u00fcz\u00fc solmas\u0131n diye asla.
\nBir g\u00fczel, ya\u015flan\u0131p da g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcnce bug\u00fcn yar\u0131n
\nAn\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015far yine k\u00f6rpecik yavrusuyla:
\nAma can yolda\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r kendi parlak g\u00f6zlerin.
\nKendi ate\u015fin besler ruhunun alevini:
\nK\u0131tl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7evirirsin bollu\u011funu her yerin,
\nKendi d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n gibi, ezersin can evini.
\n\u015eimdi sen yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn taptaze bir s\u00fcs\u00fcs\u00fcn,
\nVarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7ek dolu bahardan m\u00fcjde ta\u015f\u0131r,
\nAma kendi koncanda ruhunla g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcs\u00fcn.
\nPintili\u011fin artt\u0131k\u00e7a kendi sonun yakla\u015f\u0131r.
\n___D\u00fcnyaya ac\u0131mazsan, oburlar gibi ancak
\n___Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da mezar da g\u00fczelli\u011fi yutacak.<\/p>\n

Sone 2<\/p>\n

K\u0131rk y\u0131l\u0131n k\u0131\u015f\u0131, g\u00fczel aln\u0131n\u0131 ku\u015fatt\u0131 m\u0131,
\nKaplad\u0131 m\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc derin \u00e7ukurlar art\u0131k,
\nGen\u00e7li\u011finin kibirli, s\u00fcsl\u00fc giyim ku\u015fam\u0131
\nBe\u015f para etmez olur, h\u0131rpani y\u0131rt\u0131k p\u0131rt\u0131k:
\nO zaman sorarlarsa g\u00fczelli\u011fin nerdedir,
\nDin\u00e7 ve \u015fen g\u00fcnlerinin hazinesi ne oldu;
\nDersen yuvalar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f \u015fu g\u00f6zlerdedir,
\nBencillik utanc\u0131yla israfa \u00f6vg\u00fcd\u00fcr bu.
\nKavu\u015fur g\u00fczelli\u011fin \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca alk\u0131\u015flara
\n\u201cBenim g\u00fczel \u00e7ocu\u011fum beni kurtar\u0131r,\u201d dersen
\n\u201cVe y\u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc a\u011fart\u0131r ben ya\u015fland\u0131ktan sonra,\u201d
\nG\u00fczelli\u011finin onda s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stersen.
\n___O, sen ya\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeniler varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,
\n___So\u011fuktan donan kan\u0131n duyar \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sone 3<\/p>\n

Aynaya bak da \u015funu g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn y\u00fcze s\u00f6yle:
\nS\u0131ra gelmi\u015ftir art\u0131k bir taze y\u00fcz yapmana,
\nG\u00fczelli\u011fini hemen yenilemezsen \u015f\u00f6yle,
\nYery\u00fcz\u00fc yoksun kal\u0131r, l\u00e2netlenir bir ana.
\nHi\u00e7bir g\u00fczel var m\u0131 ki el s\u00fcr\u00fclmemi\u015f rahmi
\nSenin s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00e7iftin ekinini tepecek?
\nS\u0131rf kendini sevmenin mezar\u0131n\u0131 ister mi,
\nGelece\u011fi ahmak\u00e7a durdurur mu bir erkek?
\nSen annenin aynas\u0131 olmu\u015fsun da o sende
\nBulmu\u015ftur gen\u00e7li\u011finin g\u00fczelim bahar\u0131n\u0131;
\nKendi din\u00e7 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nla g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn pencerende
\nK\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131klara ra\u011fmen, \u015fu alt\u0131n y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131.
\n___\u0130stersin ki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n unutulsun ve bitsin,
\n___Bir kuru ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6l, izin de \u00f6l\u00fcp gitsin.<\/p>\n

Shakespeare her biri birbirinden de\u011fi\u015fik komedi ve trajediler kaleme ald\u0131. \u201cBir Yaz Gecesi R\u00fcyas\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 komedisinde, baz\u0131 kendi halinde ki\u015filerin d\u00fck\u00fc e\u011flendirmek i\u00e7in bir oyun sahnelemeye kalkt\u0131ktan sonra iki laf\u0131 bir araya getirememeleri Shakespeare’in benzersiz g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fc yetene\u011fini ortaya koyar. Trajedilerinde ise izleyicilerin t\u00fcylerini diken diken eden bir gerilim yaratabilmi\u015ftir. Bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fka yazar ince esprili komediler, romantik oyunlar, \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc cinayet ve \u00f6\u00e7 alma trajedileri, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6yk\u00fcleri yazmakta ustayd\u0131. Ama hi\u00e7biri bunlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcnde birden Shakespeare kadar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, izleyicilerin ve okuyucular\u0131n Shakespeare’in oyunlar\u0131nda en \u00e7ok hayranl\u0131k duyduklar\u0131 \u015feylerden biri, onun yap\u0131tlar\u0131ndaki karakterlerin “kitap karakterleri” gibi g\u00f6z\u00fckmemesiydi. Tersine, bu karakterler bir oyunda de\u011fil de ya\u015famda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr g\u00f6rmez tan\u0131nacak kadar ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filerdir.<\/p>\n

Shakespeare’in karakterleri aras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle \u00fcnl\u00fc olanlardan biri, t\u0131pk\u0131 ger\u00e7ek ya\u015famda oldu\u011fu gibi, hi\u00e7bir zaman tam olarak anla\u015f\u0131lamayan, her \u00e7a\u011fda yoruma a\u00e7\u0131k bir ki\u015fili\u011fi olan Danimarka Prensi Hamlet’tir. Ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmek ya da kendini \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek bu ac\u0131y\u0131 dindirmek aras\u0131nda bocalayan Hamlet’in ikilemini, Shakespeare \u00fcnl\u00fc “Olmak ya da olmamak! \u0130\u015fte b\u00fct\u00fcn sorun bu!” dizesiyle dile getirmi\u015ftir. Shakespeare’in \u201cHamlet\u201d, \u201cMacbeth\u201d ve \u201cKral Lear\u201d gibi trajedilerinde kahramanlar\u0131n as\u0131l sorunu kendi kusurlar\u0131 ya da zay\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar \u00e7o\u011funlukla ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131k, h\u0131rs, k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131k, bencillik gibi ho\u015f olmayan \u00f6zelliklerdir. \u00d6te yandan Shakespeare gene de \u00f6yle canl\u0131 karakterler yarat\u0131r, onlar\u0131n i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 ve ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ylesine sevecenlikle sergiler ki, izleyiciler onlara yak\u0131nl\u0131k duyar, ba\u015flar\u0131na gelenlere \u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr. Shakespeare’in b\u00f6yle canl\u0131 karakterler yaratmas\u0131, oyunun \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bile olsa, ki\u015filerin inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Karakterlerin \u015fiir diliyle konu\u015fmalar\u0131 bile onlar\u0131n inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zedelemez.<\/p>\n

William Shakespeare, 23 Nisan 1616’da Startfort’ta, Ben Jonson ile birlikte kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015f\u00f6lenin ard\u0131ndan hayat g\u00f6zlerini kapam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eserlerinin bir \u00e7o\u011fu T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evrilerek, \u00fclkemizde de sergilenmi\u015f, baz\u0131lar\u0131 da sinema filmi olarak \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En b\u00fcy\u00fck oyun yazarlar\u0131ndan biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilen \u0130ngiliz \u015fair William Shakespeare, yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 karakterlerde insan do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n en de\u011fi\u015fmez \u00f6zelliklerini benzersiz bir \u015fiir diliyle yans\u0131tmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131ldan bu yana her \u00e7a\u011fda ve her \u00fclkede en s\u0131k sahnelenen oyunlar\u0131n yazar\u0131d\u0131r. 1564 y\u0131l\u0131nda Warwickshireda Stratford-upon-Avon’da do\u011fan Shakespeare’in bunca \u00fcn\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131n, hayat\u0131na ili\u015fkin kesin belge ve bilgiler \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":""},"categories":[2610],"tags":[3107,3111,3109,3108,3110,3106],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcm Zamanlar\u0131n \u015eairi ve Oyun Yazar\u0131 William Shakespeare - The Epoch Times TR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/tum-zamanlarin-sairi-ve-oyun-yazari-william-shakespeare\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcm Zamanlar\u0131n \u015eairi ve Oyun Yazar\u0131 William Shakespeare - The Epoch Times TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En b\u00fcy\u00fck oyun yazarlar\u0131ndan biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilen \u0130ngiliz \u015fair William Shakespeare, yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 karakterlerde insan do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n en de\u011fi\u015fmez \u00f6zelliklerini benzersiz bir \u015fiir diliyle yans\u0131tmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131ldan bu yana her \u00e7a\u011fda ve her \u00fclkede en s\u0131k sahnelenen oyunlar\u0131n yazar\u0131d\u0131r. 1564 y\u0131l\u0131nda Warwickshireda Stratford-upon-Avon’da do\u011fan Shakespeare’in bunca \u00fcn\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131n, hayat\u0131na ili\u015fkin kesin belge ve bilgiler \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. 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