![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/Gutenberg-300x219.jpg\" "\\"Gutenberg\\"")
B\u00fcy\u00fck mucit Johannes Gutenberg ileti\u015fim tarihinin en \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmelerinden biri say\u0131lan y\u00fcksek bask\u0131 tekni\u011fini (G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Tipo bask\u0131s\u0131) 1438’de Avrupaya getirerek matbaac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fimine \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ivme kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu y\u00f6ntem, \u00f6nceleri tahtadan daha sonralar\u0131 bir kur\u015fun ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan d\u00f6kme harflerin, bask\u0131dan sonra ba\u015fka bir yaz\u0131da kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bas\u0131m y\u00f6ntemidir. Bu, y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r \u00c7in ve Kore’de kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Gutenberg denildi\u011fi gibi matbaay\u0131 bulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Matbaac\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7ok \u00f6ncelerde bilinmektedir. Ancak Gutenberg kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 teknik ile matbaac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fimine \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ivme kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Mainz Ba\u015fpiskoposluk b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan bir ailede d\u00fcnyaya geldi\u011fi bilinen Gutenberg\u2019in hayat\u0131n\u0131n sadece baz\u0131 sahneleri hakk\u0131nda bilgimiz vard\u0131r. As\u0131l mesle\u011fi, kuyumculuk veya m\u00fccevher\u2013t\u0131ra\u015fl\u0131kt\u0131r. Sonralar\u0131 gitti\u011fi Strazburg\u2019da bir bas\u0131mevine ortak olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Gutenberg, bas\u0131mevinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman bas\u0131m i\u015flerinin yava\u015f ilerleyen ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 emek isteyen bir i\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fc. O zamanki bask\u0131 tekni\u011fine g\u00f6re, her yeni sayfa i\u00e7in yeni kal\u0131p olu\u015fturmak gerekiyordu. A\u011fa\u00e7 kal\u0131plara oyulan bu sayfalar\u0131n i\u015fi bitince at\u0131l\u0131yor, bu defa yeni sayfa i\u00e7in yeni bir kal\u0131p haz\u0131rlamaya ge\u00e7iliyordu. Gutenberg, ilk defa olarak alfabenin her harfi i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 metal kal\u0131plar haz\u0131rlaman\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ne var ki, \u00fcstesinden gelinmesi gereken baz\u0131 engeller de yok de\u011fildi. Mesela, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0131s\u0131larda eriyebilecek bir ala\u015f\u0131m bulmak gerekliydi, ta ki harf kal\u0131plar\u0131na kolayca d\u00f6k\u00fclebilsin. Ayr\u0131ca, m\u00fcrekkep de o \u015fekilde olmal\u0131yd\u0131 ki, metalden k\u00e2\u011f\u0131da kolayca bas\u0131labilsin. K\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerine bu izleri ge\u00e7irebilmek i\u00e7in hangi g\u00fcc\u00fc kullanmal\u0131yd\u0131? Gutenberg\u2019in akl\u0131na, \u00fcz\u00fcm ezmekte kullan\u0131lan bir presi matbaac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa uyarlama fikri geldi.<\/p>\n
Fakat bunlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek sermayeden yoksundu ve bu bulu\u015funa yat\u0131r\u0131m yapacak birisini bulmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. Mainz\u2019a geri d\u00f6nen Gutenberg, 1448\u2019de, kuyumcu ve avukat Johann Fust\u2019u buldu. Onu ikna etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nce bu problemleri halletmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Fakat daha ilk kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 basar basmaz Gutenberg ile Fust\u2019un aras\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Fust, mahkeme a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 davay\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f, Gutenberg\u2019in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kendisinin paralar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6dedi\u011fi alet edevata el koymu\u015f ve \u00f6nce kendisi, ard\u0131ndan da damad\u0131 ile birlikte matbaay\u0131 i\u015fletmeye devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Gutenberg, Fust\u2019un sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 imk\u00e2nlarla bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 Latince \u0130ncil\u2019den sonra bir daha do\u011fru d\u00fcr\u00fcst kitap \u00e7\u0131kartamam\u0131\u015f, \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinin ard\u0131ndan bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 tehlikesine kar\u015f\u0131 uyaran \u201cT\u00fcrk Takvimi\u201d (1454), baz\u0131 End\u00fclijans mektuplar\u0131 (H\u0131ristiyanlara cennette tapu satan belgeler) ve baz\u0131 dilbilgisi kitaplar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda pek fazla bir varl\u0131k g\u00f6sterememi\u015f, zaten hayat\u0131n\u0131n son y\u0131llar\u0131nda g\u00f6rme melekesini kaybederek sefalete d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve son y\u0131llar\u0131nda bir ba\u015fpiskoposun himmetiyle karn\u0131n\u0131 doyurabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Gutenberg’in bulu\u015fu h\u0131zla yay\u0131ld\u0131. 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na gelmeden Avrupa’da, 1000’den fazla bask\u0131 makinesi vard\u0131. Bu bas\u0131m y\u00f6ntemiyle daha \u00e7ok kitab\u0131n bas\u0131labilmesi kitap fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. B\u00f6ylece daha \u00e7ok kitap okunmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Kitab\u0131n ve kitap okuman\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin do\u011fmas\u0131na, bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n geli\u015fmesine ve bilginin daha geni\u015f kesimlere ula\u015fmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. T\u00fcm bu nedenlerden dolay\u0131 Gutenberg’in buldu\u011fu bu bask\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi, \u00f6zg\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin yay\u0131lmas\u0131na ivedilik kazand\u0131ran, bilim ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flayan, reformlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131ran \u00f6nemli olaylardan biri olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
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B\u00fcy\u00fck mucit Johannes Gutenberg ileti\u015fim tarihinin en \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmelerinden biri say\u0131lan y\u00fcksek bask\u0131 tekni\u011fini (G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Tipo bask\u0131s\u0131) 1438’de Avrupaya getirerek matbaac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fimine \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ivme kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntem, \u00f6nceleri tahtadan daha sonralar\u0131 bir kur\u015fun ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan d\u00f6kme harflerin, bask\u0131dan sonra ba\u015fka bir yaz\u0131da kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bas\u0131m y\u00f6ntemidir. Bu, y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r \u00c7in ve Kore’de kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":""},"categories":[2610],"tags":[3170,3169,3167,3168],"yoast_head":"\n