{"id":58742,"date":"2012-06-05T00:24:20","date_gmt":"2012-06-04T21:24:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/?p=58742"},"modified":"2013-08-23T17:17:43","modified_gmt":"2013-08-23T14:17:43","slug":"cinin-50-kurusluk-ordusu-nasil-kamuoyu-fikri-ile-oynuyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/cinin-50-kurusluk-ordusu-nasil-kamuoyu-fikri-ile-oynuyor","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7in’in 50 Kuru\u015fluk Ordusu Nas\u0131l Kamuoyu Fikri ile Oynuyor"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
Weibo a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f ekran\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Resmi istatistiklere g\u00f6re 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in \u0130nternet kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 513 milyona ula\u015ft\u0131 ve bu kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 mikro-blogging servislerini kullanmakta. Bu yeni g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc medya organ\u0131n\u0131n kamuoyu fikri \u00fczerindeki etkisinin ve yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda olan \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu sava\u015f alan\u0131 \u00fczerindeki kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flamak ve y\u00f6nlendirmek \u00fczere b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aba g\u00f6steriyor. B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan daha az fark edilir bir taktik de,\u00a0 “50 kuru\u015fluk ordu” veya “Wu Mao” olarak bilinen para \u00f6deyerek tutulan web yorumcular\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak.<\/p>\n

Bir zamanlar gizli olarak bilinen “50 kuru\u015fluk ordu” art\u0131k politik olarak y\u00f6nlendirici yorumlar\u0131, i\u015fe alma ilanlar\u0131 ve detayl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015femalar\u0131 ile halk\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnde giderek daha g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr hale geldi. Dahili e\u011fitim materyalleri, devlet taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen web yorumcular\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131larda \u00e7ekilen foto\u011fraflar bu karma\u015f\u0131k operasyonun bilinmeyen y\u00f6nlerini ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ayl\u0131k Maa\u015flar<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7in rejiminin, yorumcular\u0131 sistematik olarak ne zaman kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 net olarak bilinmiyor ama bilinen en eski kay\u0131t 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda Changsha Belediye \u0130daresinin bir yorumcu tak\u0131m\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011funu g\u00f6steren resmi bir rapora dayan\u0131yor. Raporda, yorumcular\u0131n sadece fikir ve haberleri ters bir yorumla vermeleri de\u011fil ama ayn\u0131 zamanda kamu web siteleri ile, rejimin olumlu imaj\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in, yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f \u201czararl\u0131\u201d iletileri silmeleri talebiyle temasa ge\u00e7meleri gerekti\u011fi bildiriliyor. Her yorumcu ayl\u0131k 600 yuan (yakla\u015f\u0131k 100$) temel maa\u015f al\u0131yor. Rapor daha sonra resmi siteden kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor ama internet kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yine de geni\u015f \u00e7apta yay\u0131l\u0131yor. http:\/\/i46.tinypic.com\/243qfti.jpg<\/a><\/p>\n

Baz\u0131\u00a0\u00fcniversiteler de ayn\u0131 \u015feyi yapmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yorlar. 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda Nanjing \u00dcniversitesi yetkilileri, \u00f6\u011frenciler taraf\u0131ndan internet \u00fczerinden yay\u0131nlanan ve i\u00e7eri\u011fini uyumland\u0131rmay\u0131 red eden bir ilan tahtas\u0131 sistemini kapat\u0131yor. \u00d6\u011frenciler eski alan ad\u0131 ile sitenin yeni bir resmi versiyonunu a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131nda ise, okul otoriteleri \u00f6\u011frencilerden olu\u015fan \u00e7ekirdek kadroyu ve baz\u0131 \u201chevesli\u201d bireyleri web yorumcular\u0131 olarak at\u0131yor ve bu ki\u015filer ayl\u0131k performans de\u011ferlendirmeleri \u00fczerinden \u00f6demeler al\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

Nanjing \u00dcniversitesindeki web yorumcular\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu; otoriteler i\u00e7in kritik olan bilgiyi olumlu bilgiler girerek, iletilere cevaplar yazarak ve \u201caktif ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131\u201d bir \u00fcniversite web ortam\u0131 yaratarak \u201cn\u00f6tralize\u201d etmek.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Olumlu Propaganda\u2019n\u0131n Olu\u015fturulmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7in rejiminin ka\u00e7 adet Internet blog kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 kiralad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmiyor ama baz\u0131 tahminler y\u00fcz binlere kadar ula\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

23 Haziran 2007 tarihindeki bir Politb\u00fcro toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019in lideri Hu Jintao \u201c\u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan ideolojik ve kamuoyu fikrinin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesini ve olumlu propagandan\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131\u201d talep etti.<\/p>\n

Ard\u0131ndan Kom\u00fcnist Parti Merkez Komitesi ve Devlet Komisyonu Genel Sekreterli\u011fi, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00c7in web sitelerinden ve yerel y\u00f6netimlerden \u201ciyi politik kaliteye sahip yolda\u015f\u201dlar\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesini ve bu ki\u015filerden olu\u015fan internet yorumcular\u0131 tak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi.<\/p>\n

Bu tak\u0131mlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fkenlikler g\u00f6stermektedir. Daha \u00f6nce, bu tak\u0131mlar\u0131n 10 ila 30 ki\u015fi aras\u0131 olduklar\u0131 rapor ediliyordu. Ama 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pekin 10.000 internet izleyicisinin i\u015fe al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve di\u011fer \u015fehirlerin de yak\u0131nda bunu \u00f6rnek almalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ilan etti.<\/p>\n

Bu anons 2009 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Mart ay\u0131ndaki \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi belgesine a\u00e7\u0131k bir cevapt\u0131. Bu belgede yerel y\u00f6netimlerin \u201cinternet kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d kuvvetlendirmeleri ve \u201cinternet yasa uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n\u201d geni\u015fletilmesi isteniyordu.<\/p>\n

May\u0131s 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda i\u015fleme konulan bir ba\u015fka dahili belge de, “internetin, kamuoyunun Parti ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet hakk\u0131ndaki fikrini k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015ftirebilece\u011fi\u201d hakk\u0131nda yerel y\u00f6netimleri uyar\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

2010 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Haziran ay\u0131nda, g\u00f6rece olarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve uzak bir b\u00f6lge olan Gansu ili, 650 ki\u015filik bir internet blog kullan\u0131c\u0131 tak\u0131m\u0131 olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu.<\/p>\n

\u0130yi tan\u0131nan \u00c7in blog kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Han Han, Gansu otoritelerinin s\u00f6z konusu\u00a0 gizli g\u00fc\u00e7 ilan\u0131 ile alay etti. Bu haber resmi siteden \u00e7abucak silindi ama internet kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan hemen geni\u015f \u00e7apta yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00a0D\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k ve korku uyand\u0131rmak<\/strong><\/p>\n

Son y\u0131llarda \u0130nternet yorumcular\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir dizi dahili e\u011fitim materyalleri ve ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 yay\u0131nland\u0131. Bu belgelerin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak kolay olmasa da bu materyaller, rejim yanl\u0131s\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanan internet kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan prensip ve taktikleri m\u00fckemmel bir \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlemektedir.<\/p>\n

Yeni i\u015fe al\u0131nan “50 kuru\u015fluk blog” kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, e\u011fitim belgelerinde liderlerden gelen talimatlar\u0131 \u201ctam anlam\u0131yla anlamaya ve sadakatle onlar\u0131 uygulamaya” te\u015fvik edilmekte, kar\u015f\u0131t g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere kar\u015f\u0131 dik durmaya ve Parti\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 sadakatle ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmaya \u00f6zendirilmektedirler.<\/p>\n

Bir belge \u201cKendi politik gelece\u011finizi kucaklay\u0131n\u201d demektedir.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka bir belgede \u00f6\u011frencilerden \u201ckimliklerini saklamak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli becerileri kullanmalar\u0131 ve s\u0131radan bir internet kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeleri\u201d istenmektedir. On-line etkilerini ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve \u00f6zellikle etkili blog kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ile geni\u015fletmeleri istenmektedir.<\/p>\n

E\u011fitim materyallerinde listelenen bilindik teknikler; demokratik \u00fclkelere kar\u015f\u0131\u00a0 \u201cd\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k ve korku uyand\u0131rmay\u0131\u201d, muhalif g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fcleri vatan haini olarak fi\u015flemeyi, politik olarak \u00f6nemli ba\u015fl\u0131klardan insanlar\u0131n ilgisini \u00e7ekebilmek i\u00e7in sahte g\u00fcndem yaratmay\u0131 ve ulusalc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 cesaretlendirmeyi i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 zamanda konu\u015fma konular\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirildi\u011fi ana projeler ve temalar var.<\/p>\n

Bir belge, demokrasiye nas\u0131l sald\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 listelemektedir.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 zamanda bu belgelerde \u201cDemokrasi Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019i istila etme silah\u0131d\u0131r,\u201d \u201cger\u00e7ek demokrasi yoktur,\u201d \u201cdemokrasi karga\u015fa ve kaos getirir,\u201d ve \u00a0\u201cdemokratik \u00fclkelerde de yozla\u015fma ve su\u00e7 vard\u0131r\u201d gibi arg\u00fcmanlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131n tamam\u0131 resmi Parti propagandas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6lgelemektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Sahnelenen \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kendisini kiralanm\u0131\u015f bir a\u011f yorumcusu olarak tan\u0131tan bir ki\u015fi, muhalif sanat\u00e7\u0131 Ai Weiwei\u2019ye bir r\u00f6portaj s\u0131ras\u0131nda 50 kuru\u015fluk bir blog kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 on-line kimli\u011finin bulundu\u011funu ve dramatik on-line \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ortaya koymak i\u00e7in s\u0131kl\u0131kla farkl\u0131 rollerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, h\u00fck\u00fcmet benzin fiyatlar\u0131na zam yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman,\u00a0 bu ki\u015fi olumsuz yorumlar\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Bir iletisinde: \u201dUmursam\u0131yorum art\u0131k bunlar\u0131. \u0130sterse daha da y\u00fckselsin, siz fakir insanlar art\u0131k daha fazla araba kullanamayacaks\u0131n\u0131z ve yollar bo\u015falacak. Sadece zengin insanlar araba kullanmal\u0131\u201d \u00a0diyorken daha sonra di\u011fer kimliklerini kendi yorumuna sald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131yordu. Bu strateji \u00f6yle bir i\u015fe yar\u0131yordu ki, insanlar\u0131 Kom\u00fcnist Partiye sald\u0131rmaktansa bu tahrik edici yoruma sald\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece konu\u015fmalar y\u00fcksek benzin fiyatlar\u0131ndan uza\u011fa \u00e7ekilmi\u015f oluyordu.<\/p>\n

Bu ki\u015fi Ai Weiwei\u2019ye\u00a0 \u201cBen s\u0131kl\u0131kla kendimle sava\u015f\u0131yorum\u2026 Bu bir zihin oyunu oynamak gibi\u201d diyordu.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka bir strateji ise olumsuz bir haber verilirken hikayeyi yalanlamak i\u00e7in uydurma detaylar \u00fcretmek.<\/p>\n

Blog kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yorumlar\u0131n %10 \u2013 20 kadar\u0131n\u0131n kiral\u0131k yorumcular taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi ve \u201c\u00c7inli internet kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a aptallar. \u00c7ok \u00e7abuk bir \u015fekilde agresifle\u015fiyorlar. Onlar\u0131 \u00e7ok kolay bir \u015fekilde kontrol edebiliyorum\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

Blog Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, i\u015fini onaylamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00c7in rejiminin, Falun Gong uygulamas\u0131na ve Dalai Lama\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 dikkatli bir ustal\u0131kla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri sald\u0131r\u0131lar ile \u00e7ok ileri gittiklerini\u00a0 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Resmi istatistiklere g\u00f6re 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in \u0130nternet kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 513 milyona ula\u015ft\u0131 ve bu kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 mikro-blogging servislerini kullanmakta. Bu yeni g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc medya organ\u0131n\u0131n kamuoyu fikri \u00fczerindeki etkisinin ve yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda olan \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu sava\u015f alan\u0131 \u00fczerindeki kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flamak ve y\u00f6nlendirmek \u00fczere b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aba g\u00f6steriyor. B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan daha az fark edilir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":58743,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":""},"categories":[8,2045],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u00c7in'in 50 Kuru\u015fluk Ordusu Nas\u0131l Kamuoyu Fikri ile Oynuyor - The Epoch Times TR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/cinin-50-kurusluk-ordusu-nasil-kamuoyu-fikri-ile-oynuyor\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00c7in'in 50 Kuru\u015fluk Ordusu Nas\u0131l Kamuoyu Fikri ile Oynuyor - The Epoch Times TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Resmi istatistiklere g\u00f6re 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in \u0130nternet kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 513 milyona ula\u015ft\u0131 ve bu kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 mikro-blogging servislerini kullanmakta. Bu yeni g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc medya organ\u0131n\u0131n kamuoyu fikri \u00fczerindeki etkisinin ve yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda olan \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu sava\u015f alan\u0131 \u00fczerindeki kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flamak ve y\u00f6nlendirmek \u00fczere b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aba g\u00f6steriyor. 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