{"id":77005,"date":"2014-03-28T01:01:16","date_gmt":"2014-03-27T22:01:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/?p=77005"},"modified":"2014-03-28T01:06:55","modified_gmt":"2014-03-27T22:06:55","slug":"xu-shen-ilk-cince-sozlugun-yaraticisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/xu-shen-ilk-cince-sozlugun-yaraticisi","title":{"rendered":"Xu Shen, \u0130lk \u00c7ince S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn Yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Xu<\/a>
Xu Shen, ilk \u00c7ince s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131. (Resimleyen: Zhiching Chen)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

David Wu, Epoch Times<\/p>\n

Xu Shen (yakla\u015f\u0131k M.S.58 \u2013 M.S.147), Do\u011fu Han Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u00c7inli bir filologdur ve ilk \u00c7ince s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc derlemeyi tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Han Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir\u00e7ok bilgin entelekt\u00fcel kibrinden dolay\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 karakterlerde yeni tarz\u0131 olu\u015fturmak veya de\u011fi\u015ftirmekten zevk al\u0131yor ve bunun gibi tutars\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fimler geni\u015f kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klara neden oluyordu. Bu kaotik durumu d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in, M.S.100 y\u0131l\u0131nda Xu Shen \u201cShu\u014dw\u00e9n Ji\u011bz\u00ec\u201d (\u201cBirle\u015fik Karakterlerin Basit A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ve Analizi\u201d) adl\u0131 ilk \u00c7ince s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yazmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Xu Sheng, I-Jing ve be\u015f element \u00f6\u011fretileri temelinde \u00c7ince karakterlerin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 analiz etti ve \u00c7ince karakterleri alt\u0131 kategoriye ay\u0131rd\u0131:<\/p>\n

Resim yaz\u0131lar\u0131 \u201cdo\u011frudan resmeden\u201d: Bu karakterler do\u011frudan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc tasvir etmek yoluyla anlamlar\u0131 g\u00f6sterilirler. (\u00f6rne\u011fin: da\u011f i\u00e7in \u5c71, insan i\u00e7in \u4eba, a\u011fa\u00e7 i\u00e7in \u6728, a\u011f\u0131z i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan\u53e3k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kare \u015fekli, ay\u0131n zamanda bir ge\u00e7i\u015f, bir delik ve liman\u0131 da betimlerken; b\u00fcy\u00fck kare ise \u56d7bir \u00e7evirme veya ku\u015fatma v.b. i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r)<\/p>\n

\u201cGer\u00e7ekleri i\u015faret eden\u201d ideogramlar: Bunlar kavramsal pigtograflar gibi bir resim arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile soyut bir fikri temsil ederler. (\u00f6rne\u011fin: \u201cbir\u201d i\u00e7in\u4e00, \u201ciki\u201d i\u00e7in \u4e8c, \u201c\u00fc\u00e7\u201d i\u00e7in\u4e09, \u201cyukar\u0131\u201d i\u00e7in\u4e0ave \u201ca\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u201d i\u00e7in \u4e0b.)<\/p>\n

Fikir belirten bile\u015fik yaz\u0131lar \u201canlamlar\u0131n kombinasyonu\u201d: Benzer veya farkl\u0131 anlamlar ta\u015f\u0131yan iki veya daha fazla karakterden olu\u015fan ve yeni karakterler olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f karakterler (\u00f6rne\u011fin: \u5f9eart arda y\u00fcr\u00fcyen iki ki\u015fi \u201ctakip etmek\u201d y\u00e2da \u201ctakip\u00e7iler\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir; \u773eayn\u0131 amac\u0131 payla\u015fan \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fi ise bir grup ki\u015fi anlam\u0131na gelmektedir; \u56dakarakter ise etraf\u0131 duvarlarla sar\u0131lan bir ki\u015fi, yani bir tutuklu demektir; iki a\u011fa\u00e7 \u6797koru ve \u00fc\u00e7 a\u011fa\u00e7 \u68eeorman\u0131 kasteder. \u201cHuzur\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen\u5b89karakteri ise \u201c\u00e7at\u0131\u201d \u5b80 ve \u201ckad\u0131n\u201d \u5973karakterlerinin kombinasyonundan olu\u015fur ve \u201cevde kad\u0131n varsa her \u015fey huzurludur\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir.)<\/p>\n

Ses anlaml\u0131 bile\u015fik yaz\u0131lar \u201c\u015fekil ve ses\u201d: bir ses bile\u015feni ve bir anlam bile\u015feninden olu\u015fan karakterlerdir. (\u00d6rne\u011fin: \u5abd m\u0101 \u201canne\u201d demektir, sa\u011f bile\u015fen\u99acise m\u01ce olarak telaffuz edilir ve \u201cat\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir ve fonetik eleman\u0131 belirtirken, sol bile\u015fen ise\u5973 (n\u01da, anlam\u0131 \u201ckad\u0131n\u201d) bu karakterin anlam\u0131n\u0131 verir.) Anlaml\u0131 bile\u015fen genelde bir \u201ck\u00f6ken\u201ddir (\u00c7ince yaz\u0131 dilini olu\u015fturan karakterlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ndan biridir). T\u00fcm \u00c7ince karakterlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131 bu gruba girer.<\/p>\n

Sesten al\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131lar \u201csahte bir ismin alt\u0131nda\u201d: Bu karakterlerin arkas\u0131ndaki mant\u0131k biraz daha karma\u015f\u0131k ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7incenin tarihsel geli\u015fimi ile ilgilidir. Antik \u00c7in\u2019de, bir karakter genellikle birden fazla anlam i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Fakat bu karakter etraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ilirken, daha yayg\u0131n bir karakterin onu \u201c\u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7\u201d almas\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lanacakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u4f86 \u201cbu\u011fday\u201d\u0131n resim yaz\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131, fakat o ayn\u0131 zamanda da \u201cgelmek\u201d fiili i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonunda, daha yayg\u0131n \u201cgelmek\u201d karakterin varsay\u0131lan anlam\u0131 oldu ve \u201cbu\u011fday\u201d i\u00e7in yeni bir karakter\u9ea5 olu\u015fturuldu.<\/p>\n

Kar\u015f\u0131t anlaml\u0131 \u201c\u00e7evir ve d\u00f6k\u201d: Bu tamamen tarihi bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmad\u0131r ve anlam\u0131 ayn\u0131 etimolojik k\u00f6ke sahip, fakat telaffuzu ve anlam\u0131 farkl\u0131 olan karakterlerdir. \u8001l\u01ceo \u201ceski\u201d ve\u8003k\u01ceo \u201cs\u0131nav\u201d iki karakter bunun yayg\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

9,353 \u00c7ince karakter giri\u015fi ve 540 k\u00f6ken i\u00e7eren “Shu\u014dw\u00e9n Ji\u011bz\u00ec” kitab\u0131n\u0131 bitirmek Xu Shen\u2019i tam 21 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. “Shu\u014dw\u00e9n Ji\u011bz\u00ec”, payla\u015f\u0131lan bile\u015fenler yoluyla karakterleri d\u00fczenlenen ilk profesyonel s\u00f6zl\u00fckt\u00fcr ve bu, sonraki nesillerin s\u00f6zl\u00fckleri taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7o\u011funlukla kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ince karakterler \u00c7in k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn miras\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. “Shu\u014dw\u00e9n Ji\u011bz\u00ec”, Shang Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ait kemikler ve bronz e\u015fyalar \u00fczerinde bulunan yaz\u0131lar gibi antik \u00c7in yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 korudu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu kitap \u00c7ince karakterlerin stilleri ve orijinal anlamlar\u0131na \u00f6nem vermektedir.<\/p>\n

“Shu\u014dw\u00e9n Ji\u011bz\u00ec”, \u00c7in tarihinin bilinen ilk an\u0131tsal filolojisi olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

David Wu, Epoch Times Xu Shen (yakla\u015f\u0131k M.S.58 \u2013 M.S.147), Do\u011fu Han Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u00c7inli bir filologdur ve ilk \u00c7ince s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc derlemeyi tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fu Han Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir\u00e7ok bilgin entelekt\u00fcel kibrinden dolay\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 karakterlerde yeni tarz\u0131 olu\u015fturmak veya de\u011fi\u015ftirmekten zevk al\u0131yor ve bunun gibi tutars\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fimler geni\u015f kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klara neden oluyordu. Bu kaotik durumu d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in, M.S.100 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":77006,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[2477,6875,4139,4140],"yoast_head":"\nXu Shen, \u0130lk \u00c7ince S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn Yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 - The Epoch Times TR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/xu-shen-ilk-cince-sozlugun-yaraticisi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Xu Shen, \u0130lk \u00c7ince S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn Yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 - The Epoch Times TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"David Wu, Epoch Times Xu Shen (yakla\u015f\u0131k M.S.58 \u2013 M.S.147), Do\u011fu Han Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u00c7inli bir filologdur ve ilk \u00c7ince s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc derlemeyi tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 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Do\u011fu Han Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir\u00e7ok bilgin entelekt\u00fcel kibrinden dolay\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 karakterlerde yeni tarz\u0131 olu\u015fturmak veya de\u011fi\u015ftirmekten zevk al\u0131yor ve bunun gibi tutars\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fimler geni\u015f kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klara neden oluyordu. Bu kaotik durumu d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in, M.S.100 […]","og_url":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/xu-shen-ilk-cince-sozlugun-yaraticisi","og_site_name":"The Epoch Times TR","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/theepochtimestr","article_published_time":"2014-03-27T22:01:16+00:00","article_modified_time":"2014-03-27T22:06:55+00:00","og_image":[{"width":450,"height":600,"url":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011y\/XuShen_ZhichingChen_ET.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"A. Aida","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@TheEpochTimesTR","twitter_site":"@TheEpochTimesTR","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":"A. 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