{"id":77134,"date":"2014-04-13T00:51:10","date_gmt":"2014-04-12T21:51:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/?p=77134"},"modified":"2014-04-13T00:53:17","modified_gmt":"2014-04-12T21:53:17","slug":"eski-cin-gelenekleri-cinde-cayin-tarihi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/eski-cin-gelenekleri-cinde-cayin-tarihi","title":{"rendered":"Eski \u00c7in Gelenekleri: \u00c7in’de \u00c7ay\u0131n Tarihi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"2014-04-10-chinese-tea-history\"<\/a>D\u00fcnyada \u00e7ay bitkisini en erken ke\u015ffeden ve de\u011ferlendiren \u00fclke \u00c7in’dir. \u00c7in \u00e7ay\u0131 d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00c7in’de \u015fimdiye kadar bulunan en eski eczac\u0131l\u0131k kitab\u0131 olan “Shennong Bencaijing” adl\u0131 bitkisel ila\u00e7larla ilgili tarihi kay\u0131tta, “Shennong g\u00fcnde 100 \u00e7e\u015fit otu tatt\u0131, bunlardan 72’si zehirli \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, ancak \u00e7ay\u0131 i\u00e7tikten sonra zehrin etkisi ge\u00e7ti” yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, \u00c7in milletinin atalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ay\u0131 ilkel zamanlarda bile de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fini kan\u0131tlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

M.\u00d6.1122 ile M.\u00d6.1116 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemde Sichuan b\u00f6lgesinde, imparatora arma\u011fan olarak \u00e7ay sunulmu\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren bir kay\u0131t ke\u015ffedildi.<\/p>\n

Han (M.\u00d6.206 – M.S.220) hanedan\u0131n\u0131n imparatoru Xuandi d\u00f6neminde Sichuanl\u0131 Wang Bao’nun yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ay konulu Tong Yue adl\u0131 kitapta b\u00f6lgedeki bir il\u00e7eden bahsedilir. Bu il\u00e7e bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Pengshan il\u00e7esi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kal\u0131yor. Kitaba g\u00f6re, Qin (M.\u00d6.221 – M.\u00d6.206) ve Han hanedanlar\u0131nda Sichuan’daki \u00e7ay \u00fcretimi b\u00fcy\u00fck boyuta ula\u015ft\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ay ila\u00e7, ayr\u0131ca t\u00f6renlerde sunu veya yemek olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. O d\u00f6nemde \u00fcretimi b\u00fcy\u00fck olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00e7ay soylulara ait l\u00fcks bir mald\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130lkbahar ve Sonbahar D\u00f6nemi (M.\u00d6.770 – M.\u00d6.476) ile Sava\u015fan Devletler D\u00f6neminin (M.\u00d6.403 – M.\u00d6.221) sonlar\u0131nda ve Bat\u0131 Han (M.\u00d6.206 ile M.S.8) hanedan\u0131n\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00c7in topraklar\u0131nda birka\u00e7 kez b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015flar\u0131n meydana gelmesi sonucu, geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 insan g\u00f6\u00e7leri oldu. \u00d6zellikle Qin imparatorlu\u011fu Sichuan’\u0131 birle\u015ftirdikten sonra Sichuan ile di\u011fer b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131ndaki mal de\u011fi\u015fimi ve ekonomik temaslar ilerledi, Sichuan’daki \u00e7ay bitkisi yeti\u015ftirme ve yap\u0131m tekni\u011fi ile \u00e7ay i\u00e7me gelene\u011fi, zaman\u0131n ekonomik, siyasi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel merkezlerine yay\u0131ld\u0131. Henan, \u00c7in’in kuzeyindeki en eski \u00e7ay b\u00f6lgelerinden biri oldu. Daha sonra \u00e7ay, Yantze Nehrinin orta ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kesimlerine, ard\u0131ndan g\u00fcneydeki eyaletlere yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Jin d\u00f6nemi ve G\u00fcney-Kuzey Hanedanlar\u0131 D\u00f6nemi’nde (265-589) \u00c7in’de \u00e7ay \u00fcretimi artmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00c7ay art\u0131k l\u00fcks bir mal olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131yordu. Ticari mal haline gelen \u00e7ay\u0131n daha pahal\u0131 fiyatla sat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131m tekni\u011fi daha da geli\u015ftirildi. Ancak en kaliteli \u00e7ay imparatora sunuluyordu.<\/p>\n

Han hanedan\u0131 zaman\u0131nda Budizm bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Sincan-Uygur \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesinde yer alan Bat\u0131 B\u00f6lgeleri \u00fczerinden \u00c7in’in do\u011fu kesimine yay\u0131ld\u0131, G\u00fcney-Kuzey Hanedanlar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde ise yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. Budizm konsantrasyona \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi, \u00e7ay i\u00e7menin de insan\u0131 uyan\u0131k tutma \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip oldu\u011fu ve gece \u00e7ay i\u00e7mek uykuyu \u00f6nledi\u011fi i\u00e7in, \u00e7ay ile Budizm aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011f kuruldu. Yava\u015f yava\u015f \u00e7ay\u0131n \u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131ld\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u00c7in’deki b\u00fcy\u00fck da\u011flarda, tap\u0131naklar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu da\u011flar ve feodal beyliklerin arazilerinde \u00e7ay bitkisi yeti\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Bug\u00fcn bildi\u011fimiz bir\u00e7ok \u00e7ay \u00e7e\u015fidi ilk zamanlarda Budist ve Taoist mek\u00e2nlarda yeti\u015ftiriliyordu.<\/p>\n

Tang (618-907) hanedan\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u0131llarda tar\u0131ma b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem vermesi, \u00e7ay \u00fcretiminin geli\u015fmesini h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131. Hanedan\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman kesitinde asayi\u015f iyi korundu\u011fu ve tar\u0131m geli\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in, \u00e7ay \u00fcretimi ve ticareti de h\u0131zla canland\u0131, b\u00f6ylece \u00c7in tarihindeki ilk doruk d\u00f6nemi ya\u015fand\u0131. \u00c7ay i\u00e7me gelene\u011fi \u00c7in’in tamam\u0131na yay\u0131ld\u0131, hatta baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde b\u00fct\u00fcn aileler \u00e7ay i\u00e7iyordu.<\/p>\n

Yuan (1206-1368) hanedan\u0131na gelince \u00e7ay \u00fcretimi daha da artt\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ayc\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015far\u0131 elde edildi. \u00c7ay\u0131n makineyle yap\u0131lmas\u0131 da bu d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ming (1368-1644) hanedan\u0131, \u00e7ay \u00fcretimi ve yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en h\u0131zla geli\u015fti\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemdi. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ay \u00fcretim tekni\u011finde b\u00fcy\u00fck ilerlemeler kaydedildi. Yuan hanedan\u0131 zaman\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131n \u00e7ay \u00fcretiminde, \u00e7ay yapraklar\u0131 buharda ha\u015flanarak yumu\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kurutma, yuvarlama gibi a\u015famalar vard\u0131. Ming hanedan\u0131nda kurutma a\u015famas\u0131nda \u00e7ay yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 ocakta kavurma y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131lmaya, ayr\u0131ca \u00e7ay yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne de \u00f6nem verilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu nedenle daha \u00f6nce \u00e7ay demlenerek i\u00e7ilirken Ming hanedan\u0131nda \u00e7ay yapraklar\u0131 bir bardak i\u00e7ine konup \u00fczerine kaynar su d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fckten ve biraz beklettikten sonra i\u00e7me usul\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Qing (1644-1911) hanedan\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na gelince, \u00c7in’in ana kesimindeki \u00e7ay \u00fcretimi nispeten geli\u015fti. Qing hanedan\u0131nda \u00e7ay bitkilerinin yeti\u015fti\u011fi alan\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 1 milyon hektara ula\u015farak d\u00fcnyada ilk s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131. Bu say\u0131, d\u00fcnyadaki \u00e7ay ekim toplam\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 44’\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturdu. Ayr\u0131ca Qing hanedan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7ay \u00fcretiminin miktar\u0131 d\u00fcnyadaki toplam \u00fcretimin y\u00fczde 17’sini olu\u015fturarak, d\u00fcnyada ikinci s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131. En y\u00fcksek \u00fcretim miktar\u0131 13,4 bin tona ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnyada \u00e7ay bitkisini en erken ke\u015ffeden ve de\u011ferlendiren \u00fclke \u00c7in’dir. \u00c7in \u00e7ay\u0131 d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00c7in’de \u015fimdiye kadar bulunan en eski eczac\u0131l\u0131k kitab\u0131 olan “Shennong Bencaijing” adl\u0131 bitkisel ila\u00e7larla ilgili tarihi kay\u0131tta, “Shennong g\u00fcnde 100 \u00e7e\u015fit otu tatt\u0131, bunlardan 72’si zehirli \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, ancak \u00e7ay\u0131 i\u00e7tikten sonra zehrin etkisi ge\u00e7ti” yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, \u00c7in milletinin atalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ay\u0131 ilkel […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":77135,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":""},"categories":[41,519],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nEski \u00c7in Gelenekleri: \u00c7in'de \u00c7ay\u0131n Tarihi - The Epoch Times TR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/eski-cin-gelenekleri-cinde-cayin-tarihi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Eski \u00c7in Gelenekleri: \u00c7in'de \u00c7ay\u0131n Tarihi - The Epoch Times TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"D\u00fcnyada \u00e7ay bitkisini en erken ke\u015ffeden ve de\u011ferlendiren \u00fclke \u00c7in’dir. \u00c7in \u00e7ay\u0131 d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00c7in’de \u015fimdiye kadar bulunan en eski eczac\u0131l\u0131k kitab\u0131 olan “Shennong Bencaijing” adl\u0131 bitkisel ila\u00e7larla ilgili tarihi kay\u0131tta, “Shennong g\u00fcnde 100 \u00e7e\u015fit otu tatt\u0131, bunlardan 72’si zehirli \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, ancak \u00e7ay\u0131 i\u00e7tikten sonra zehrin etkisi ge\u00e7ti” yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. 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