{"id":80952,"date":"2014-12-20T09:13:43","date_gmt":"2014-12-20T06:13:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/?p=80952"},"modified":"2014-12-20T17:03:53","modified_gmt":"2014-12-20T14:03:53","slug":"yasam-icin-organik-tarim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/epochtimestr.com\/index.php\/yasam-icin-organik-tarim","title":{"rendered":"Ya\u015fam \u0130\u00e7in Organik Tar\u0131m"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Organik<\/a>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde insanl\u0131\u011fa ve \u00e7evreye pek \u00e7ok felaket getirmi\u015f olan ve art\u0131k t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada insan ve \u00e7evre sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na son derece zararl\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanan end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 do\u011fa yanl\u0131s\u0131 bir \u00fcretim bilinci ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.\u00a0 Bu bilin\u00e7 ekolojik yani \u00e7evre dostu olan organik tar\u0131m.\u00a0 Sizlere \u00a0g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde sa\u011fl\u0131k ve \u00e7evresel faydalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha \u00e7ok tercih edilir olamaya ba\u015flayan organik tar\u0131m ile d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn yok etmekte olan\u00a0end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00a0sunuyoruz.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018Organik Tar\u0131m\u2019 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 1940 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelmi\u015f olan ve 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan ba\u015flayarak \u00f6zellikle AB\u2019de \u00e7evreye uyumlu tar\u0131m politikalar\u0131n\u0131n desteklenmesi sonucu ivme kazanarak t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada yayg\u0131nla\u015fan bir \u00fcretim kolu. \u00c7o\u011fu insan\u0131n bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re de sadece ekonomik bir etkinlik olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda ayn\u0131 zamanda bir ya\u015fam felsefesi de. B\u00f6yle olmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi ise temelinde do\u011fa ile uyumun yatmas\u0131 \u00a0ve verimin art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131ran do\u011fal olmayan hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin bu uygulamada kullan\u0131lm\u0131yor olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"ETO<\/a>
ETO Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Atilla Ertem Akdeniz \u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131 Birlikleri’nde yap\u0131lan ‘Yerel Payda\u015f Toplant\u0131s\u0131’nda konu\u015furken<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Organik tar\u0131m\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedeni end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m devriminin art\u0131k yava\u015f yava\u015f ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131.\u00a0 Bu konuda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan ve kuruldu\u011fu g\u00fcnden beri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de organik tar\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Ekolojik Tar\u0131m Organizasyonu (ETO) ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde Akdeniz \u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131 Birlikleri\u2019nde Alman proje orta\u011f\u0131 F\u0130BL ile \u2018Alman-T\u00fcrk \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi ile Organik Tar\u0131m\u2019 projesinin yerel payda\u015f toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. \u00a0Bu toplant\u0131da ETO derne\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Atilla Ertem end\u00fcstriyel ve organik tar\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda konu\u015ftu. Bu konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Ertem \u00fcretimin artmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan ama art\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hem insana hem de \u00e7evreye felaket getirdi\u011fi kesinle\u015fen bu Ye\u015fil Devrim i\u00e7in: \u201cBilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n 2. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan gelen so\u011fuk sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir a\u00e7l\u0131k ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmesinin ard\u0131ndan, devletler a\u00e7l\u0131k problemi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ba\u015flad\u0131lar. 1940\u2019l\u0131 ve 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda makinele\u015fmenin tar\u0131mda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece verim art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131,\u00a0 hangi bitkinin hangi y\u00f6rede yeti\u015fiyorsa o y\u00f6rede o bitkinin yeti\u015ftirilmesi gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcler. Ayr\u0131ca o y\u0131llarda \u00fcretilen suni g\u00fcbrelerle verim art\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fczerine kullan\u0131lan kimyasal ila\u00e7larla da bu verim art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n katlanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fcler.\u00a0 Ger\u00e7ekten de inan\u0131lmaz art\u0131\u015flar oldu. Kullan\u0131lan tohumlar ile de verim 4-5 kat artt\u0131\u201d diyerek bu Ye\u015fil Devrim\u2019in insanlar\u0131n \u00e7abuk sevinmesine sebep olan ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00f6zlerinin ard\u0131ndan Ertem bu konuda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze do\u011fru yakla\u015farak; \u201cAma buna ra\u011fmen g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin azalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tam tersine artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz\u201d dedi ve bu \u00fcretimin asl\u0131nda insanl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7are olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131. Bu vurgunun ard\u0131ndan da modern tar\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011findi ve asl\u0131nda verim art\u0131\u015f\u0131na dayal\u0131 bu tar\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 ifade etti: \u201cBu verim art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi geli\u015fmi\u015f ve sanayile\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde, kimyasal b\u00fcy\u00fck risklerin olu\u015ftu\u011fu ve zaman i\u00e7erisinde de verim art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yerinde sabitlendi\u011fi hatta geriye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fler ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

70 y\u0131llarda \u2018Adam dik adam \u00e7\u0131kar\u2019 s\u00f6zleriyle verimlili\u011fi ifade edilen Alt\u0131n Ova \u00c7ukurova\u2019da \u00a0bile 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda art\u0131k verim alabilmek i\u00e7in \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yeti\u015ftirecek kadar girdi miktar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Zamanla \u2018Ye\u015fil Devrim\u2019in insanlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm de\u011fil s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 getirdi\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Suni tar\u0131m ya da kimyasal tar\u0131m modelinde ilk ba\u015fta kullan\u0131lan verimli tohumlar ve kimyasal g\u00fcbrelerle yo\u011fun verim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flar\u0131z, sonra toprak yanmaya ba\u015flar, verim d\u00fc\u015fer, d\u00fc\u015fen verimi artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in daha \u00e7ok girdi kullanmaya ba\u015flar\u0131z, verim y\u00fckselir ama sonra toprakta yanma ba\u015flar.\u00a0 \u00d6rne\u011fin; Nev\u015fehir b\u00f6lgesindeki arkada\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z orada 1 ton patates \u00fcretebilmek i\u00e7in 300 kilo g\u00fcbre kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u00e7ok iyi bilirler. Patatesin kilosunun g\u00fcbreden ucuz oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrseniz neredeyse patates \u00fcreticilerinin para kazanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz.\u00a0\u00a0 Se\u00e7eneksizlikten dolay\u0131 da ba\u015fka bir \u015fey yapamamaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Zararl\u0131 ila\u00e7 ve g\u00fcbrelerin de kullan\u0131m\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u015fekildedir. \u00d6nce bu \u015feyleri kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda hastal\u0131k ve zararl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oluruz. Daha sonra zararl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k kazan\u0131r. Bu zararl\u0131lar\u0131 yok etmek i\u00e7in yeni kimyasallar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Dikkat edin bu kimyasallar\u0131n adlar\u0131 da \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7tir. \u0130mparator, Kral, King, Kaptan gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcl\u00fck veren imajlar kullan\u0131rlar. \u00c7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, \u00e7ok kuvvetli her \u015feyi halleden imaj isimleridir bunlar. Bu ila\u00e7lar da zamanla etkisini kaybeder.<\/p>\n

En sonunda da bu uygulamalar s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi imkans\u0131z, \u00e7evreye ve ekonomiye zararl\u0131 bir \u00fcretim d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc haline gelirler.\u201d<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda Ertem bu toplant\u0131da sadece modern tar\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n topra\u011fa zarar vermedi\u011fini ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir alandaki biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe de zarar verdi\u011fini aktard\u0131. Ertem bu konu ile ilgili olarak \u015fu anda organik tar\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n en yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu A.B.D\u2019den bir \u00f6rnek verdi ve konuyu \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetledi: \u201cMississippi nehrinin okyanusuna d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Florida k\u00f6rfezinin \u00e7evresinde tar\u0131msal g\u00fcbre kullan\u0131m\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden olu\u015fan \u00f6l\u00fc alan 80\u2019lerden beri 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak 20.000 km2\u2019ye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu alanda t\u00fcm oksijeni t\u00fcketen algler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir deniz canl\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015fayamamaktad\u0131r. Mississippi nehri \u00e7evresi Amerika\u2019da en \u00e7ok tar\u0131m\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgedir. Do\u011fusu ve bat\u0131s\u0131nda yo\u011fun olarak tar\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131r. Burada yap\u0131lan tar\u0131mda kullan\u0131lan kimyasal g\u00fcbreler \u00f6zellikle azotlu ve fosforlu g\u00fcbreler, \u0131rmaklarla Mississippi nehri \u00fczerinden Florida k\u00f6rfezine akar.\u00a0 Florida k\u00f6rfezine ta\u015f\u0131nan bu azot ve fosfor buraya alglerin istilas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc algler fosfor ile ya\u015far. Alglerin bulundu\u011fu yerde oksijen s\u0131f\u0131rlan\u0131r ve hayat biter. Yani siz 600 km \u00f6tede yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z tar\u0131m ile 600 kilometre \u00f6tedeki k\u00f6rfezi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyorsunuz. Benim burada yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m tar\u0131m\u0131n oraya ne zarar\u0131 olacak de\u011fil. \u0130\u015fte b\u00f6yle \u00e7evre katliamlar\u0131na sebep olabiliyoruz.\u201d <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ertem\u00a0 b\u00fct\u00fcn bu s\u00f6zleri ile suni ve kimyasal g\u00fcbre ve ila\u00e7lar kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan modern tar\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n sadece s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ama ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta zararlara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti.\u00a0 Bu zararlar\u0131 ise genellikle \u015fu ba\u015fl\u0131klar alt\u0131nda toplan\u0131yor:<\/p>\n